13 Engaging Ways to Begin an Essay

An effective introductory paragraph both informs and motivates. It lets readers know what your essay is about and it encourages them to keep reading. There are countless ways to begin an essay effectively. As a start, here are 13 introductory strategies accompanied by examples from a wide range of professional writers. Introductory Strategies State your thesis briefly and directly (but avoid making a bald announcement, such as This essay is about . . .). It is time, at last, to speak the truth about Thanksgiving, and the truth is this. Thanksgiving is really not such a terrific holiday. . . . (Michael J. Arlen, Ode to Thanksgiving. The Camera Age: Essays on Television. Penguin, 1982)Pose a question related to your subject and then answer it (or invite your readers to answer it). What is the charm of necklaces? Why would anyone put something extra around their neck and then invest it with special significance? A necklace doesnt afford warmth in cold weather, like a scarf, or protection in combat, like chain mail; it only decorates. We might say, it borrows meaning from what it surrounds and sets off, the head with its supremely important material contents, and the face, that register of the soul. When photographers discuss the way in which a photograph reduces the reality it represents, they mention not only the passage fr om three dimensions to two, but also the selection of a point de vue that favors the top of the body rather than the bottom, and the front rather than the back. The face is the jewel in the crown of the body, and so we give it a setting. (Emily R. Grosholz, On Necklaces. Prairie Schooner, Summer 2007)State an interesting fact about your subject. The peregrine falcon was brought back from the brink of extinction by a ban on DDT, but also by a peregrine falcon mating hat invented by an ornithologist at Cornell University. If you cannot buy this, Google it. Female falcons had grown dangerously scarce. A few wistful males nevertheless maintained a sort of sexual loitering ground. The hat was imagined, constructed, and then forthrightly worn by the ornithologist as he patrolled this loitering ground, singing, Chee-up! Chee-up! and bowing like an overpolite Japanese Buddhist trying to tell somebody goodbye. . . . (David James Duncan, Cherish This Ecstasy. The Sun, July 2008)Present your t hesis as a recent discovery or revelation. Ive finally figured out the difference between neat people and sloppy people. The distinction is, as always, moral. Neat people are lazier and meaner than sloppy people. (Suzanne Britt Jordan, Neat People vs. Sloppy People. Show and Tell. Morning Owl Press, 1983)Briefly describe the place that serves as the primary setting of your essay. It was in Burma, a sodden morning of the rains. A sickly light, like yellow tinfoil, was slanting over the high walls into the jail yard. We were waiting outside the condemned cells, a row of sheds fronted with double bars, like small animal cages. Each cell measured about ten feet by ten and was quite bare within except for a plank bed and a pot of drinking water. In some of them brown silent men were squatting at the inner bars, with their blankets draped round them. These were the condemned men, due to be hanged within the next week or two. (George Orwell, A Hanging, 1931)Recount an incident that dramati zes your subject. One October afternoon three years ago while I was visiting my parents, my mother made a request I dreaded and longed to fulfill. She had just poured me a cup of Earl Grey from her Japanese iron teapot, shaped like a little pumpkin; outside, two cardinals splashed in the birdbath in the weak Connecticut sunlight. Her white hair was gathered at the nape of her neck, and her voice was low. â€Å"Please help me get Jeff’s pacemaker turned off,† she said, using my father’s first name. I nodded, and my heart knocked. (Katy Butler, What Broke My Fathers Heart. The New York Times Magazine, June 18, 2010)Use the narrative strategy of delay: put off identifying your subject just long enough to pique your readers interest without frustrating them. They woof. Though I have photographed them before, I have never heard them speak, for they are mostly silent birds. Lacking a syrinx, the avian equivalent of the human larynx, they are incapable of song. Accordi ng to field guides the only sounds they make are grunts and hisses, though the Hawk Conservancy in the United Kingdom reports that adults may utter a croaking coo and that young black vultures, when annoyed, emit a kind of immature snarl. . . . (Lee Zacharias, Buzzards. Southern Humanities Review, 2007)Using the historical present tense, relate an incident from the past as if it were happening now. Ben and I are sitting side by side in the very back of his mother’s station wagon. We face glowing white headlights of cars following us, our sneakers pressed against the back hatch door. This is our joy--his and mine--to sit turned away from our moms and dads in this place that feels like a secret, as though they are not even in the car with us. They have just taken us out to dinner, and now we are driving home. Years from this evening, I won’t actually be sure that this boy sitting beside me is named Ben. But that doesn’t matter tonight. What I know for certain righ t now is that I love him, and I need to tell him this fact before we return to our separate houses, next door to each other. We are both five. (Ryan Van Meter, First. The Gettysburg Review, Winter 2008)Briefly describe a process that leads into your subject. I like to take my time when I pronounce someone dead. The bare-minimum requirement is one minute with a stethoscope pressed to someone’s chest, listening for a sound that is not there; with my fingers bearing down on the side of someone’s neck, feeling for an absent pulse; with a flashlight beamed into someone’s fixed and dilated pupils, waiting for the constriction that will not come. If I’m in a hurry, I can do all of these in sixty seconds, but when I have the time, I like to take a minute with each task. (Jane Churchon, The Dead Book. The Sun, February 2009)Reveal a secret about yourself or make a candid observation about your subject. I spy on my patients. Ought not a doctor to observe his patien ts by any means and from any stance, that he might the more fully assemble evidence? So I stand in doorways of hospital rooms and gaze. Oh, it is not all that furtive an act. Those in bed need only look up to discover me. But they never do. (Richard Selzer, The Discus Thrower. Confessions of a Knife. Simon Schuster, 1979)Open with a riddle, joke, or humorous quotation, and show how it reveals something about your subject. Q: What did Eve say to Adam on being expelled from the Garden of Eden? A: I think were in a time of transition. The irony of this joke is not lost as we begin a new century and anxieties about social change seem rife. The implication of this message, covering the first of many periods of transition, is that change is normal; there is, in fact, no era or society in which change is not a permanent feature of the social landscape. . . . (Betty G. Farrell, Family: The Making of an Idea, an Institution, and a Controversy in American Culture. Westview Press, 1999)Offer a contrast between past and present that leads to your thesis. As a child, I was made to look out the window of a moving car and appreciate the beautiful scenery, with the result that now I dont care much for nature. I prefer parks, ones with radios going chuckawaka chuckawaka and the delicious whiff of bratwurst and cigarette smoke. (Garrison Keillor, Walking Down The Canyon. Time, July 31, 2000)Offer a contrast between image and reality—that is, between a common misconception and the opposing truth. They aren’t what most people think they are. Human eyes, touted as ethereal objects by poets and novelists throughout history, are nothing more than white spheres, somewhat larger than your average marble, covered by a leather-like tissue known as sclera and filled with nature’s facsimile of Jell-O. Your beloved’s eyes may pierce your heart, but in all likelihood they closely resemble the eyes of every other person on the planet. At least I hope they do, for otherwise he or she suffers from severe myopia (near-sightedness), hyperopia (far-sightedness), or worse. . . (John Gamel, The Elegant Eye. Alaska Quarterly Review, 2009)

The Impact Of The Affordable Care Act - 917 Words

Rather the Republican party doubted the mere existence of the Affordable Care Act would be befitting for the American people the increasing number of those now insured is undoubtedly a notion that the nation is moving in the right direction toward health care reform. More importantly, there are several suggestions that if applied can continue this projection toward the end goal which is access to affordable health care for all Americans. For example, state level executives should enforce a time frame for those remaining 19 states that have yet to implement the expansion of Medicaid (Kantarjian, 2017). By doing so, states such as Texas, Florida, and Georgia already would cover greater than one-half of such vulnerable individuals. States†¦show more content†¦Recognizing this void, in November 2015, the â€Å"National Quality Forum, a multi-stakeholder coalition of organizations representing providers, consumers, purchasers, health plans, public health, and industry, formed a Disparities Standing Committee charged with developing a comprehensive roadmap to reduce disparities that includes payment† (Chin, 2016, p. 1). In addition, to the Disparities Standing Committee, implement proposals for incentivizing preventive care and primary care. Giving a patient a goal with a reward attached may sound silly but in hindsight, it actually motivates the individual to stay healthy which decreases visits to the hospital. More importantly, rearranging shared plans to fit a more aggressive design in which includes lower fees. However, it is imperative that organizations stress the collaboration between clinical and non-clinical entities. â€Å"Conduct demonstration projects to test payment and delivery system reform interventions to reduce disparities. Commitment to social justice is essential to achieve health equity, but insufficient without a strong business case that makes interventions financially feasible† (Chin, 2016). The thought process behind consumer-driven health plans is that consumer activities can be improved in ways that will lessen the cost andShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of The Affordable Care Act1712 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of the Affordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the 2010 health reform act that could extend insurance coverage to as many as 32 million Americans, which also included policies that affect the quality of coverage insurers must offer (Knickman Kovner, 2015). In addition to this, the ACA created a range of programs focused on furthering change in how medical care is organized and delivered, with a goal of reducing costs and improving quality and outcomesRead MoreThe Impact Of The Affordable Care Act884 Words   |  4 PagesMost of the states in the US have the Vision of growing the health sector to help address issues in health. The Affordable Care Act has seen the development of the Medicaid along with the Accountable Care organizations as one of the strategies to help curb the problems in place. According to the report that was released by the White House IN 2014, it was suggested that most of the states are locked in the politics and have most of their personal constituen ts uninsured. Taking the instance of NorthRead MoreThe Impact Of The Affordable Care Act1712 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of the Affordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the 2010 health reform act that could extend insurance coverage to as many as 32 million Americans, which also included policies that affect the quality of coverage insurers must offer (Knickman Kovner, 2015). In addition to this, the ACA created a range of programs focused on furthering change in how medical care is organized and delivered, with a goal of reducing costs and improving quality and outcomesRead MoreThe Impact Of The Affordable Care Act1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Affordable Care Act created the Prevention and Public Health Fund, which is the nation’s first mandatory funding system dedicated to improving the nation’s public health system. The fund works to â€Å"Provide expanded and sustained national investments in prevention and public health, improve health outcomes, and enhance health care quality† (U.S Department of Health Human Services, 2017). The Prevention and Public Health Fund a llocates funds to different agencies, such as the Administration forRead MoreThe Impact Of The Affordable Care Act1091 Words   |  5 Pagesand state stakeholders. The federal government through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) offers financial incentives for state policies that improve patient safety and reduce medical adverse events by implementing plans aimed at those issues. Those states that show improvement and reductions will receive 5-year grants. Also, The ACA has established accountable care organizations (ACOs) to manage the improvement of patient quality health care by offering hospitals financial incentives for hospital thatRead MoreThe Impact Of Affordable Care Act1258 Words   |  6 PagesHealth care in America is a continuous fight and has become a daily hot topic with every news outlet. Even politicians use it to secure their role in congress. Sadly, as a powerful force of a nation the United States (U.S.) plays against and for other nations, the American peopleâ €™s health care system is broken at the moment. There is continuous chatter about making improvement but nothing is being done to correct it. American public health is in a desperate state and a cry for help because as a nationRead MoreThe Impact Of The Affordable Care Act847 Words   |  4 PagesTexas’s decision the not expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act has took a toll on many Texans. Texas is one of many states yet to expand the Medicaid program. With the decision not to expand Medicaid, it have left many low-income families uninsured and without an option for affordable healthcare. Texas has the highest number of people uninsured in the Unites States of America. The change has now entered the third year and only 30 states have expanded the program. There is an ongoing outreachRead MoreThe Impact Of The Affordable Care Act Of 2010741 Words   |  3 Pages Health Care Reform The Affordable Care Act of 2010 expanded access to health insurance in the United States to millions of uninsured individuals. Early findings indicate that there have been significant reductions in the rate of uninsured among the poor and working age adults. Consequently, the number of adults who did not get needed health care because of cost declined as well as the number of adults who reported problems paying their medical bills. Hpwever, despite the many advances the AffordableRead MoreThe Insurance Impacts Of The Affordable Care Act859 Words   |  4 Pagesthere has been large media coverage about the insurance impacts of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), there has been a smaller amount discussed of the law’s changes to provider reimbursement policy, reforms to the delivery system, and investments in programs to improve the quality of care and constrain long-run growth in health care costs. And yet, the elements included in the ACA directed at cost and quality is possible to affect the practice of care for nearly every provider across the country. AlthoughRead MoreThe Impact Of The Affordable Care Act On Employees1367 Words   |  6 Pagesthey do not fall under the employer mandate.† These businesses are not obligated to offer health insurance coverage to their employees based on the laws that are in place (Obama.net 2016). Based on the research report Monitoring the Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Employers by Blavin, Bowen, Blumberg, Buettgens, Gadsden, Rifkin, (2014) It was stated that â€Å"employer based coverage premiums became higher during 2002 and 2012 the rate exceeded NHEA growth.† Companies with less than â€Å"fifty employees

Traits of Effective Management

Question: Discuss about the Traits of Effective Management. Answer: Introduction: The managerial grid or the leadership grid proposed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton points out one significant aspect that one leadership style is not best in all situations. After analyzing the managerial grid theory of leadership I can significantly assess that it is the best way to develop the skills that is missing and meet the needs of the people to inspire excellent performance. Evaluating the managerial grid I can specifically ascertain that it is based on two behavioral dimensions (Belasen and Frank, 2008). Firstly, it is a degree by which a team leader considers team members needs, areas of personal development and interests while deciding how to complete a major task. Secondly, the grid has provided me to understand the degree of organizational efficiency, concrete objectives and high productivity that will suit for completion of a task. Analyzing the managerial grid theory, the five leadership styles have provided me a prolific highlight of each of the five described styles of leadership. Firstly the impoverished management has prolifically highlighted that it is the most ineffective style of leadership as the results are low from low efficiency people. In this system the job is done by little interests. This system is unsatisfactory in motivating the team environment and the results are not at all up to the mark i.e. disharmony, disorganization and dissatisfaction (Bernardin and Alvares, 2006). Secondly, the produce or perish management which is also known as the authority compliance or the authoritarian style of leadership. In this style the managers in charge is autocratic and works through significant rules, policies and procedures and ascertain that punishment must be provided for motivating the team members in an effective way. The entire style of leadership can provide impressive production initially but tend s to low the motivation and team morale which affects the performance of the people which prolifically leads to a struggle for the leaders to retain the quality performers. The Theory X and Theory Y approach provides a key analysis about the leadership style. In this style the results are high but the employees are low due to ineffective motivational trait. The next leadership style known as middle of the road management style, also known as the status quo prolifically ascertains medium results via medium people (Brightford, 2006). This strategy is not as effective because continual compromise fails to deliver high performance which results in failing to meet the needs of the people. In most scenarios this style of leadership delivers mediocre performance. The Country Club Management also known as the accommodating style of leadership is mostly concerned about the needs and feelings of the team members. This leads to the work environment being very relaxed that result in suffering o f productivity as there is a lack of control and direction. This style of leadership delivers low results via high people. The most effective and most consistent leadership style is the Team Management style which results in high production via high people. In team management the leader reflects the passion for the job and also ascertains whatever best can be done for the fellow employees (Christman, 2012). This enables to commit and be dedicated to the goals, mission and vision of the organization and also motivates the employees and people to stretch for delivering prolific results. In this leadership style the team managers plays the most crucial role in prioritizing both the people as well as the organization needs. This enables the team members to dedicate themselves to understand the purpose of the organization and determine the needs of production. Evaluating the key prospects of Robert Blake and Jane Mouton leadership grid I prolifically understood that it provides a conceptual evaluation of the key prospects that are needed to develop the skills in leadership style. The leadership grid has been a major difference that has helped to apply the concepts in my life and has boosted the personal leadership traits. The most effective leadership style which has been the most impactful in developing my leadership quality is the team management leadership style (Kirkpatrick and Locke, 2011). Being a supervisor in my organization the team management style of leadership has provided me a significant analysis about the ways to manage teams at a corporate level that would make an impression on the employees by which the organization will be positively impacted. The entire theory of leadership grid has enhanced my personal trait by the use of team management style of leadership that has enabled me to deliver great results and also train the employees to be respected, empowered and committed to achieving the objectives and goals of the organization. Implementing the team management style of leadership has not only helped me to acquire the basic ideas of leadership but it has also boosted the production unit of the organization and has created a significant decorum by which the organization has been able to perform the business operations in an empowered culture and environment (Lidh, 2013). The theory of X and Y has emphatically impacted me to be committed towards the organizations stake that would enable to have a significant success rate and create an environment that would be based on respect and trust. This implementation has also led to motivation of the employees, high satisfaction of the employees providing impressive results. Being a team manager the adoption of Theory Y approach on motivation has prolifically enabled me to identify the management behavior that are based on various ways about the service and pr oduction orientation and interaction of employees with each other. The managerial grid implementations has boosted in planning the formation of teams for every department and evaluating the available resources, required resources and procuring them whenever required. Overall the entire theory of team management has provided me to have a critical evaluation of the entire model and make significant adjustment for the successful implementation (Nichols, 2016). The entire theory proposed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton has made me understood the key aspects of leadership traits that has enabled me to develop the key skills which was acting as a major drawback in my leadership and personal trait. This has enabled to be more specific and focus more on orientations to help the employees and organization both (Senior, 2006). References Belasen, A. and Frank, N. (2008). Competing values leadership: quadrant roles and personality traits.Leadership Organization Development Journal, 29(2), pp.127-143. Bernardin, H. and Alvares, K. (2006). The Managerial Grid as a Predictor of Conflict Resolution Method and Managerial Effectiveness.Administrative Science Quarterly, 21(1), p.84. Brightford, E. (2006). The Managerial Grid.Australian Psychologist, 1(2), pp.106-115. Christman, L. (2012). Grid Approaches for Managerial Leadership.Nursing Administration Quarterly, 6(3), p.86. Kirkpatrick, S. and Locke, E. (2011). Leadership: do traits matter?.Executive, 5(2), pp.48-60. Lidh, C. (2013). Basic Traits of Effective Management.Leadership Manage. Eng., 13(4), pp.249-253. Nichols, A. (2016). What do people desire in their leaders? The effect of leadership experience on desired leadership traits.Leadership Organization Development Journal, 37(5), pp.658-671. Senior, B. (2006). Team performance: using repertory grid technique to gain a view from the inside.Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11(3), pp.26-32.

Product diversification and internationalization

Introduction The success and failure of any business entity is determined by the strategies adopted. It is the wish of every organization to be successful in business so that the goals of the stakeholders can be achieved.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Product diversification and internationalization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The goals can be achieved by establishing the strategies which are suitable to place the organization in a competitive position. Managers have an obligation to develop strategies which will make the company successful (Jones, 2009). Product diversification Product diversification has been found to improve the performance of a company. The companies with higher levels of product diversification have more total sales and total assets. This can be explained from the understanding that companies with a wide variety of products provides consumers with the ability to choose. Therefore, co nsumers can buy products which they need because they have supply of all the kinds of products required to satisfy their needs. Companies with few or no diversification end up losing customers especially when the consumers lack products which satisfy their needs. The companies with a high product diversification end up making more sales compared to those with no or lesser levels of diversification. This is the argument which helps us to understand why the companies with high levels of diversification have more assets and make more sales (Jones, 2009). However, companies which specialize in the production and marketing of a particular product are able to capture the particular needs of each customer and this helps improve their performance compared to diversified companies. As such, these companies can satisfy the needs of a particular niche of customers. These companies generate more sales and accumulate more assets because they are able to get extra advantages in the sale of their products. In the modern day business environment it has been observed that companies develop better strategies when they specialize in one product.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Product diversification has been found to make companies make lower levels of profits. The asset base of a company is determined by the amount of sales made in a particular period of time. Thus, when companies specialize in production of certain products they have added advantages in that they can maintain a higher profile of customers (Jones, 2009). From table 1 it is evident that the correlation between the level of diversification and the percentage sales ratio is significant. It is observed that there is a negative correlation between the level of diversification and the percentage of sales ratio (Field, 2009). This implies that the higher the level of diversification the lesser the sales are made per unit of the products. This is explained by the fact that when a company has many products to sell a few units of each unit are sold compared to the total sales volume. Table 2 indicates that there is a significant relationship between the level of diversification and the percentage asset ratio. On the other hand, there is a negative relationship between the level of diversification and the percentage asset ratio (Field, 2009). This indicates that as an organization continues to diversify its products it is unable to purchase more assets to cater for each of the product category. Companies manufacturing a single product are able to develop a large number of assets in the product category which they choose. Internationalization Internationalization helps companies to venture into more countries to market their products. As companies sell their products to more countries they are able to get more customers and this helps improve the sales as well as the assets accumulated. Int ernationalization helps companies to expand the market share and the level of competition is increased. When companies increase the numbers of countries they serve with their products this helps create more opportunities to establish new customers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Product diversification and internationalization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The sales volume of an organization increases when the number of customers served increases. The ability to purchase new assets is determined by the profitability of the businesses conducted by the company (Jones, 2009). From Table 3 it is evident that there is no significant relationship between the percentage asset ratio and the degree of internationalization. In addition, it is observed that there is a positive relationship between the two elements (Field, 2009). This explains the hypothesis that the higher the level of internationalization the larger the amount of assets accumulated. From Table 4 it is observed that there is no significant relationship between the level of internationalization and the percentage sales ratio. In addition, there is a positive relationship between the degree of internationalization and the percentage sales ratio of the company (Field, 2009). This is an indication that when companies expand their operation to the global markets they get more market share and the sales increases. It is also important to identify that when companies venture into new global markets more products are sold and this increases the sales volume. Conclusion From the above findings it can be concluded that product diversification and internationalization of market activities of a company help improve the performance. It is evident that the sales volume increases when companies diversify in the production and marketing systems. In addition, it is also evident that the amount of assets accumulated is higher when a company opera tes in many countries. Therefore, diversification and internationalization are important factors in improving the profitability, market share and the asset base of a company. References Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, 3rd edition, New York: NY, SageAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jones, M. (2009). Internationalization, entrepreneurship and the smaller firm: evidence from around the world. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing. Bibliography Table 1: ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Table 2: ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Table 3: Table 4: This report on Product diversification and internationalization was written and submitted by user Gibson Gilbert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Foundation Essay free essay sample

Rappers and rockers are no trying to fix problems. They create problems for attention. That philosophy, attitude and behavior go against everything football coaches stand for. Theyre in a constant battle to squash rebellion, dissent and second opinions from their player What we re witnessing today are purposeless, selfish acts of buffoonery. Sensible people have grown tired of it. Football people are recognizing it doesnt contribute to a winning environment. (Witchdoctors) This column expresses well how hip- hop culture relates to our society.It seems to be biased this story by author, however, taking three hip-hop concepts into consideration; his statement is likely to be reliable. As he pointed out, hip-hop music is rebellious for no good reason other than to make money. Think that his opinion is the same as that of most people. Hip-hop culture, particularly, black American culture is likely to be against our society. This culture seems to relate to the counter culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Counterculture was popularity 1960 to 1970.Hip-hop culture began in 1970 so young people in around ass and ass were definitely affected by counterculture. To Wrap Out the term Of hip-hop, black American lives in the hip-hop culture and then they become to be B-boys and B-girls. They are interested in the rap-music. Their idea about hip-hop seems to be the advertisement without promoting product. Their life is hip-hop culture and one of a-boy and B-girls way to express them. I consider the history of classic a-boy and hip-hop. We have already known about what the term: hip-hop is.It is good order to learn the history of classic B-boy and hip-hop. When we understand the history and the meaning of hip- hop, we will get what they want to dance, why they want to dance and how they dance on the hip-hop. Also, we should check whether my hypothesis is correct or not. In the early hip-hop era, they did not use hip-hop songs. These songs were the rock and funk songs. Their originators danced to in the half- decade between hip-hops emergencies as a coloratura movement around 1974 and the development of an associated musical gene rein 1970. By the mid-ass the musical breaking the song had taken on a new life as a historical break between the end of soul culture and the beginning of hip-hop culture. The breaking in the hip-hop is important for them to dance on the hip-hop. The brake is the original essence of the dance and the seed of its tradition. In this case, these breaking do not lead to rebellion; Jason Whitlock talked, in our society. However, from point of view of the roots of hip-hop, breaking songs and creating problems, Jason pointed out, is the same thing. Without lack of information about the term of hip-hop, we do not reach their breaking idea. Thats why leaning the term of hip-hop first is the most important. B- boys songs are valued as frameworks forth act of B-boning because they combine practical factors that facilitate the particular dance style with socio- historical associations that place any given performance in the context of b- boy history. The earliest B-boy danced to these songs in their entirety, avian their best moves for the break therefore the deejays began to focus on the breaks in the first place. The hip-hop is influenced by samba, mambo, salsa and Latin music. The syncopation of samba rhythms is fundamental aspect of the relationship between movement and suppressed elements of a composition. So, a-boy and B-girls dance is based on samba and then they arrange their dance to express themselves well. In view of Latin music, conga drums had become one of the important sounds to arise African American musical nationalism. The instrument was an important part of the sound of another of Americas great cultural achievements: funk. The vibrant music relationship that b-boys and B-girls maintain with these songs belies easy stereotypes about the relative value of live versus recorded music. In other words, without recoding of these songs -the way they seem to capture and time an place in which they were made is an important part oftener appeal. Their emotion and dance expresses themselves at that time. So, recording their feeling and motion seems to getting decrease value. When we think of the concepts of hip-hop, it makes sense that no recording about them is more alee than that of the recording. They just dance for expressing themselves.That reality became to be the hip-hop culture. It is generally accepted that reality is more important than recoding reality. For example, we think of rock concert and that video. Which one do you think that things of value are? It is needless to say that we choose the rock concert because the concert is definitely more valuable than that of video. In conclusion, B-boy and B-girl have followed by their rule. They have been adding some dance and music on the hip-hop and developing their skill of dance and music. I believe that their reeking will be potential for producing new dance and music categories in the future.After leaning the concept of hip-hop and their early activities, my image of hip-hop is dramatically changing to that of favorable impression. When we encounter the unknown thing, we are likely to regard that as bad thing. However, in most cases, it is too much biased by mass media. Most people in the hip-hop world are striving for developing their dance and music, and they follow the concepts of hip-hop. Their hip-hop world including dance and music is keeping for expanding our world. They will create their new way of expressing themselves. Foundation Essay free essay sample Foundation essay B-boys and B-girl are In the Hip-Hop world. A lot of young people In the world are interested in hip-hop and that music. When we think of hip-hop, we are likely to think about: they are African American, aggressive and rap-music etc. Why do we consider the stereotype of hip-hop? What is based on our thinking about this stereotype? Before we discuss about them, we need to know what hip-hop is. Why do B-boys and B-girls interest in the hip-hop? We focused on the term: hip-hop. Foundation says that hip-hop is used to refer to three different concepts.When we understand the concepts of hip-hop, we are likely to understand about a-boys and B-girls as well as why they becomes to be a-boys and B-girls. Even though, they may break our society rule, they are likely to follow their hip-hop concepts. For better worse, people should follow their own rule. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hip-hop is established dance and music category. These Idea Is not based on anything so this Is my hypothesis whether a-boy follow the concepts or not. The most Important aspect of this variety of the hip-hop is that It Is unmediated. In other words, the idea of hip-hop is happened B;boys and B-girls bounteously.They just express themselves on the hip-hop. It seems to be the advertisement without no product. That reality became to be the hip-hop culture. These ideas often appear in the period of adolescence. In this period, young people do not make their identity so that they are stumped about themselves. In that time, when they meet hip-hop, they are interested in hip-hop because it is easy for them to express. They Just dance using their body, and do not use specific tool. Second, the term hip-hop refers to a form of popular music that developed, or was developed, out f hip-hop culture.It means that rap-music came from the Interaction between hip- hop culture and the preexisting music Industry. Hip-hop Is strongly related to the rap-music. A lot of people can connect to hip-hop to listen to rap-music. Thirdly, the term hip-hop is increasingly used as a kind of loose demographic designation for contemporary African American youth, regardless of whether or not they have any overt connection to rap music or to other hip-hop arts. These idea turns out to be phrases as the hip-hop attitude and the hip-hop generation.In view of this sense, IP-hop is usually invoked to emphasize age and class over race when singling out young African Americans, either for praise or criticism. As we know, the culture of hip-hop is related to young African American. However, some problems are likely to arise in our society. In one online cone column, Jason Whitlock blames hip-hop for the lack of discipline among contemporary football players. Hip-hop is the dominant culture of black youth. In general music, especially hip-hop music is rebellious for no good reason other than to make money. Rappers and rockers are no trying to fix robbers.They create problems for attention. That philosophy, attitude and behavior go against everything football coaches stand for. Theyre in a constant battle to witnessing today are purposeless, selfish acts of buffoonery. Sensible people have grown tired of it. Football people are recognizing it doesnt contribute to a winning environment. (Witchdoctors) This column expresses well how hip-hop culture relates to our society. It seems to be biased this story by author, however, taking three hip- hop concepts into consideration; his statement is likely to be reliable.As he pointed out, hip-hop music is rebellious for no good reason other than to make money. I think that his opinion is the same as that of most people. Hip-hop culture, particularly, black American culture is likely to be against our society. This culture seems to relate to the counter culture. Counterculture was popular from 1960 to 1970. Hip-hop culture began in 1970 so young people in around ass and ass were definitely affected by counterculture. To wrap out the term of hip-hop, black American lives in the hip-hop culture and then they become to be a-boys and B-girls.They are interested in the rap-music. Their idea about hip-hop seems to be the advertisement without promoting product. Their life is hip-hop culture and one of a-boy and B-girls way to express them. I consider the history of classic a-boy and hip-hop. We have already known about what the term: hip-hop is. It is good order to learn the history of classic a-boy and hip-hop. When we understand the history and the meaning of hip-hop, we will get what they want to dance, why they want to dance and how they dance on the hip- hop. Also, we should check whether my hypothesis is correct or not.In the early hip- hop era, they did not use hip-hop songs. These songs were the rock and funk songs. Their originators danced to in the half-decade between hip-hops emergence as a coloratura movement around 1974 and the development of an associated musical gene rein 1970. By the mid-ass the musical breaking the song had taken on a new life as a historical break between the end of soul culture and the beginning of hip- hop culture. The breaking in the hip-hop is important for them to dance on the hip- hop. The brake is the original essence of the dance and the seed of its tradition.In his case, these breaking do not lead to rebellion; Jason Whitlock talked, in our society. However, from point of view of the roots of hip-hop, breaking songs and creating problems, Jason pointed out, is the same thing. Without lack of information about the term of hip-hop, we do not reach their breaking idea. Thats why leaning the term of hip-hop first is the most important. B-boys songs are valued as frameworks forth act of B-boning because they combine practical factors that facilitate the particular dance style with socio-historical associations that place any given performance in the context of b-boy history. The earliest a-boy danced to these songs in their entirety, saving their best moves for the break therefore the deejays began to focus on the breaks in the first place. The hip-hop is influenced by samba, mambo, salsa and Latin music. The syncopation of samba rhythms is fundamental aspect of the relationship between movement and suppressed elements of a composition. So, a-boy and B-girls dance is based on samba and then they arrange their dance to express themselves well. In view of Latin music, conga drums had become one of the important sounds to arise African American musical nationalism.The instrument was an important part of the sound of another of Americas great cultural achievements: funk. The vibrant music relationship that b- value of live versus recorded music. In other words, without recoding of these songs -the way they seem to capture and time an place in which they were made is an important part of their appeal. Their emotion and dance expresses themselves at that time. So, recording their feeling and motion seems to getting decrease value. When we think of the concepts of hip-hop, it makes sense that no recording about them is more value than that of the recording. They Just dance for expressing themselves.That reality became to be the hip-hop culture. It is generally accepted that reality is more important than recoding reality. For example, we think of rock concert and that video. Which one do you think that things of value are? It is needless to say that we choose the rock concert because the concert is definitely more valuable than that of video. In conclusion, a-boy and B-girl have followed by their rule. They have been adding some dance and music on the hip-hop and developing their skill of dance and music. I believe that their breaking will be attention for producing new dance and music categories in the future.After leaning the concept of hip-hop and their early activities, my image of hip-hop is dramatically changing to that of favorable impression. When we encounter the unknown thing, we are likely to regard that as bad thing. However, in most cases, it is too much biased by mass media. Most people in the hip-hop world are striving for developing their dance and music, and they follow the concepts of hip-hop. Their hip-hop world including dance and music is keeping for expanding our world. They will create their new way of expressing themselves.

Guerilla Warfare Essays

Guerilla Warfare Essays Guerilla Warfare Essay Guerilla Warfare Essay Jared NorthridgeEnglish IIMrs. Davidson8 March 2012Guerrilla WarfarePicture yourself as an American soldier walking through a jungle. The only noises you hear are the drops of moisture bouncing off the leaves of the trees and the footsteps of the other soldiers in your platoon. You are in a foreign country you have never heard of, fighting for a cause you don’t fully understand. You are in a small Asian country called Vietnam performing search and destroy missions, searching for your enemies and then eliminating them. You are in a village searching for the Viet Cong. You have all the residents of the village lined up. They’re all in a panic and you have no clue what they’re saying. All of a sudden you’re being shot at from one of the huts. Some of the people you thought were just residents of the small jungle village are now killing off your platoon, your brothers. Through panic of the villagers and sound of bullets flying past your head, you decide it is just best to lie down and wait. The next thing you know the shooting has stopped, and you hear the sound of some people running deep into the forest. You were just the victim of guerrilla warfare.A lot of wars have been lost because of guerrilla warfare. Two examples are the United States Vietnam War and the French’s invasion of Spain. Guerrilla warfare is â€Å"the use of hit-and-run tactics by small, mobile groups of irregular forces operating in territory controlled by a hostile, regular force† (â€Å"Guerilla† p1).The Vietnam War was fought from November 1, 1955, to April 30, 1975. The Vietnam War was fought between North Vietnam, and their communist allies, and South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other non-communist countries (â€Å"Vietnam† p1). The North Vietnamese had a secret weapon called the Viet Cong (p7). The Viet Cong are â€Å"South Vietnamese guerrilla force† (p7). The war was an uphill battle f or the United States and South Vietnamese, because the Viet Cong were using their guerrilla

Apple vs. Samsung Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apple vs. Samsung - Research Paper Example Samsung has been able to create different versions of one product to meet various types of consumers needs. Apple on the other hand has specialized in the creation of various products for a wide range of varying needs. Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne founded Apple Inc. in 1976. The company’s headquarters are in Cupertino in South Korea. The company is a dealer of designer software, electronics, and provision of computer services (OGrady, 2012). Samsung, a company in the same field, began its journey in 1938 under the foundation of Lee Byung- chul in Daegu, which is located in South Korea (Lee, 2006). This paper aims to evaluate the two companies in terms of product, place, promotion, and price. Product refers something tangible or intangible available for purchase from an organization. Samsung produces many products of a fairly similar nature to suit various consumers. Apple produces technologically varying products to meet varying needs. Samsung has been leading product provider since its inception. Scholars and economists have noted that since the creation of Apple, Samsung has been forced to revamp and re-strategize itself every so often to keep up with the threat. Samsung has been able to compete due to the advantage that it has created a tough image for decades on end and has established goodwill with the globe (Thamhain, 2014). This was the most important part of the data collection process. This is because participants were allowed to take their questionnaires with them for a period spanning 5 days. Questionnaires were handed out to 20 persons randomly. In this section, the results of the survey about respondents’ preferences will be reported. The report is structured by each of the five questions in the survey beginning with question 1.Percentages were used to ensure that an overall perspective on Reponses was acquired. The first point illustrates the percentage of participants that had a

Segregation in the 21st Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Segregation in the 21st Century - Essay Example The media perpetrates segregation or white supremacy at every turn.   Social stereotypes also prevail in the American media.   Even though these themes are subtle, they are strong.   Even in cartoon movies, these stereotypes exist.   For example, â€Å"Dumbo (1941), the crows that teach Dumbo how to fly â€Å"are too obviously Negro caricatures† (Avila 132).   The portrayal of black crows as crude, ignorant, and with a bad southern accent is ridiculous.   White people from the south can be crude and ignorant.   Most Southerners have southern accents, whether they are black, white, red, or yellow.   Disney movies seem to have bad representations of ethnic people.   Pocahontas and Mulan are feeble attempts to be politically correct, but manage to portray them very stereotypical.   Most of the heroes are white, Prince Charming, John Smith, and numerous others.   The media perpetrates segregation or white supremacy at every turn.   Social stereotypes also prevail in the American media.   Even though these themes are subtle, they are strong.   Even in cartoon movies, these stereotypes exist.   For example, â€Å"Dumbo (1941), the crows that teach Dumbo how to fly â€Å"are too obviously Negro caricatures† (Avila 132).   White people from the south can be crude and ignorant.   Most Southerners have southern accents, whether they are black, white, red, or yellow.   Disney movies seem to have bad representations of ethnic people.  

John Van Hamersveld Art style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Van Hamersveld Art style - Essay Example In the late 60s, John boosted his portfolio after he assumed the role as an art director at the Capitol Records. This position, gave him an edge in designing more posters for famed musicians (Surfing Heritage & Culture Centre Web). John has designed more than 300 album covers and the most popular ones according to Surfing Heritage & Culture Centre were, â€Å"The Beatles’  Magical Mystery Tour  and  The Rolling Stones’  Exile on Main St† (Web). In the present, embodied legacy of John Van Hamersveld is located in the Coolhouse Studio. John Van Hamersveld has exemplary art works that are likeable. The digital print on the canvas ‘Waiting on the Storm’, of 2009, ‘Johnny Girl’ of 1972, and ‘Pipeline’ on digital print on Vinyl 2009 are the remarkable drawing that the essay will describe. John Van Hemersveld drawing "Waiting for the storm" digital print on canvas 2009 was a classical drawing that I saw. Though the drawing is simple, a person can derive some information from the design. The design emphasizes the ideas that the drawing brings forth in the mind of the viewer. John Van Hemersveld drawing was insightfully done to differentiate the background from the foreground. The foreground print of the drawing has numerous clouds that were blue at the base and white at the top. The blue color in the drawing generally creates a calm and peaceful environment in my mind. The clouds with the blue base was capturing to my eyes. The drawing indicated to me that the storm is not necessarily detrimental as most people think. Hence, the drawing depicts that when I prepare for the storm, the calm moment is likely to be experienced. †Waiting for the storm† by John Van Hemersveld illustrates that a storm can yield time for meditation and a quiet moment of peace. According to the drawing, I learn that my preparation for challenges in life determines the peace I can experience throughout the moment. Typ ically, blue is a color for calmness signifying that in my life I really need to prepare for the storm all round to always have a calm state. Another drawing that also captured my attention was â€Å"Johnny Girl† which was John Van Hemersveld digital print of canvas 1972. The drawing was of John who was all smiles and very happy. Johnny Girl drawing showed a boy who had typically gotten a girlfriend for the first time. Therefore, the drawing depicted Johnny’s achievement, which to him the achievement was something out of the ordinary in his life. Although the drawing may have brought out the feelings a person encounters when in a relationship for the first time, I did not like it at all. The drawing reminded me of my first relationship in High School which did not last for long. The amazing moments I had and the thought of a beautiful future were the ideas going through my mind. Despite the insightfully designed canvas, my past memories were the reason of my dislike fo r the photo. The 2009 Vinyl print of â€Å"Pipeline† drawing was generally amazing. A person who is keen to understand the drawing could only appreciate the remarkable design. I also became a victim of bypassing the drawing because the drawing was not as striking as the drawing of â€Å"Waiting in the Storm.† The â€Å"Pipeline† drawing was showing a sharp wave with high amplitude and a narrow front. The wave looked dangerous than

Women Victims of Violence

Women Victims of Violence Throughout most of the world, more often that not, women are usually the victims of violence. In America violence against women is becoming one of the most prevalent problems. Domestic violence occurs in many homes all over the world. As a crime against women, rape is uniquely horrible in its long-term effects. Many claim that victims of violence deserve what they get. According to the book Gender Crime in the UK most women live their lives in constant fear of being at risk for violence. It was stated that women who have been victims of violence end up having a wide-ranging list of health problems. According to statistics, 1 in 4 women may experience violence in their relationships with men throughout their lifetime. Throughout most of the world, more often that not, women are usually the victims of violence. In America violence against women is becoming one of the most prevalent problems. It has been shown that most of the men committing these crimes against women are not strangers. They are people whom they live, work and/or socialize with. This seems to be linked to the fact that most men want to be in total control at all times and if for some reason they are put in a situation where they arent in total control, then they become violent against their women partners. Domestic violence occurs in many homes all over the world. Usually people have been less likely to report this kind of behavior out of fear of getting their partner in trouble. So they ignore the violence they are facing because they love and care for the person who has been abusing them. Domestic violence in some places is not taking as seriously as in others. Some consider it a private issue that should be dealt with in the priv acy of their home and are less likely to admit if they have it going on in their lives. This thought alone is absolutely ridiculous and must be dealt with immediately. No woman deserves to go through violence whether it is by their husband or a stranger. As a crime against women, rape is uniquely horrible in its long-term effects. The distress it brings is often followed by an abiding sense of fear and shame. Research on risk factors examines the complex relationship of social, cultural, situational, interpersonal, and intrapersonal forces that perpetuate sexual violence. How ever, some researchers have tried to determine whether particular women are more vulnerable to rape and attempted rape. It has been shown that most women who are rape before the age of eighteen are more likely to be rape as an adult just because their self esteem has been shattered and they begin feeling as if they are worthless and of no use. In most cases it seems as if blaming victims for their predicament with violence is the universal thing to do. Rape victims are more often than not; accused of alluring their attacker, causing them to do what they did. Many claim that victims of violence deserve what they got. Many victims feel that the ways they were treated by the authorities, friends and family was just as bad or worse than the actual situation. In many cases it left them feeling alone at the time in which they most needed others. Thus, after a while many women begin to blame their self. They find numerous ways to convince their self that they deserved what ever they got. They usually have no one to turn to, so if there is no other outlet for these women they usually end up turning to alcohol and drugs to rid them of the pain and embarrassment they feel. Since the 1970s and the early 1980s there have been many changes made to the criminal justice system when it comes to dealing with women as victims. Before today, it was not strange for women to be of less importance than there male partner, thus giving him the right to punish her when he thought she was not doing as she should. It wasnt until the womens movement and the victims right movement came along did they take a stand against the criminal justice system, making it mandatory that situations in which men were being violent against women were dealt with right away and not taking for granted. Even though victims would like for police to always arrest on spot, the police sometimes consider the people in which they are dealing with some people may look down on the police for doing this but some may think this is the best way to deal with it. They feel that violence can be described in many ways and not all types of violence should end in arrest; even though some feel that it all sh ould. These are the overall topics of my paper so I will now begin to compare and contrast each topic and how it relates to the United States and the United Kingdom. They are many differences but there are also many similarities between the two countries. Gendering the victim: the extent and nature of violence against women The effects of violence against women After doing research it seems that violence has been used to describe a variety of different behaviors such as, sexual, physical, and emotional assault, murder; stalking sexual harassment; and prostitution. In recent times, violence against women has begun to draw serious attention; the police today are much less lenient than they used to be. According to the book Gender Crime in the UK most women live their lives in constant fear of being at risk for violence. Whether or not the woman has ever been a victim of violence she is still more inclined to feel less safe throughout her life time than the average man. This is why when a woman has indeed had to deal with domestic violence her fear of violence and vulnerability increases so much more. It was stated that women who have been victims of violence end up having an wide-ranging list of health problems. Domestic violence According to, The UK statistics on violence, 1 in 4 women may experience violence in their relationships with men. Severe, repeated and systematic violence occurs in at least 5 of every hundred marriages in Britain; Between 40 and 45% of murdered women are killed by their male partners; Between 1 and 2 women are murdered by their male partners every week; more than 25% of all violent crime reported to the police is domestic violence of men against women, making it the second most common violent crime: 100,000 women per year seek treatment in London for violent injuries received in the home 30,000 women and children stay in refuges in the UK every year; In Wolverhampton, UK, 1 in 6 women had suffered some form of domestic abuse; One quarter of all assaults are in domestic circumstances. Attrition in rape According to (Gender Crime 2008) In the UK, it seems that there have been high rates of rape, yet low rates of conviction. Of all serious crimes it seems as though this crime is the least dealt with. These rapists are not getting put behind bars their cases are being dropped in the initial investigation stages and nothing further is being done. Police are have been getting attacked about the amount of rape cases that they have been just letting slide by. Depending on where you live in the UK the number of rape cases the end in conviction vary. There is a disproportionate amount of support services for people who have been raped. In the United States also referred to as the rape culture, it seems that rape is it seems rape statistics are as follows: According to the FBI Uniform Crime Report, 1 out of every 4 women has been raped. There were 102,560 reported rapes or attempted rapes in 1990. The Bureau of Justice Statistics estimates that 130,000 women were victims of rape in 1990. The Justice Department says that 8 percent of all American women will be victims of rape or attempted rape in their lifetime. From an interview sample of 4,008 women, the study projected that there were 683,000 rapes in 1990. Statistics have shown that in America 12.1 million American women, has or will be the victim of forcible rape sometime throughout her lifetime. Reconceptualizing domestic violence as torture The role of the Criminal Justice System in protecting women In the legal area, class action civil suits against police responded more slowly and with less seriousness to violent crimes committed between non strangers than they did to stranger crimes. Finally, social science researchers published scientific evidence claiming that arrest was more effective in deterring domestic violence than were other police responses, a development that fell neatly in line with the already growing demands for more rigorous criminal justice system intervention. As has already been stated, in the past police have been more lenient on certain types of violence but now they have been immediate in their response. Just about every violence against women report received; ends in an arrest. Statistics on law enforcement (Commission on Domestic violence) Approximately 60% of family violence victimizations were reported to police between 1998 and 2002, up from about half between 1993 and 1998. Among felony assault defendants convicted in State courts, 45% of persons sent to prison for family assault received a sentence of more than 2 years, compared to 77% of non-family assault offenders sent to prison. Federal courts convicted 90% of defendants adjudicated for an interstate domestic violence offense. Black women (67%) reported their victimization to police at significantly higher percentages than black men (48%), white men (45%), and white women (50%). No difference in white male and female percentages reporting emerged (45% versus 50%). Hispanic females reported intimate partner violence to the police at higher percentages than did non-Hispanic females (65% versus 52%). Among victims of violence by an intimate partner, the percentage of women who reported the crime was greater in 1998 (59%) than in 1993 (48%). In conclusion we can see that the United States and the United Kingdom have very similar statistics and ways in which they handle things. Laws seem to differ between the countries but other than that there are many similarities. Domestic violence and rape are the same where ever you are. Whether in the US or UK women are still less likely to report domestic violence or rape by someone they know.

Niccol? Machiavelli - The Qual :: essays research papers

Machiavelli’s views on human nature are unjust; nevertheless, his philosophy, or rather instructions, is reasonable in capturing the selfishness of men. As written in The Qualities of the Prince by Machiavelli, “Men are ungrateful, fickle, simulators and deceivers, avoiders of danger, greedy for gain; and while you work for their good they are completely yours, offering you their blood, their property, their lives, and their sons… when danger is far away; but when it comes nearer to you they turn away.'; Machiavelli’s generalization demonstrates his low opinion on the nature of men because he views them as selfish and lacking in both loyalty and honesty. Machiavelli’s general opinion that men are selfish contains an underlying truth to the human nature. Inside every human being, there is a sense of selfishness that lay dormant until given cause to awake. It is a truth that many will not be willing to admit or acknowledge. Many will even say that there are people who are or were selfless in their actions. Yes, there are, but when the situation comes, normally no one can take away their selfishness to still act like “saints'; when they cannot even save themselves. Selfishness is an ugly trait among people; however, disloyalty is probably the most offensive trait found in human nature. Machiavelli’s says, “when it comes nearer to you they turn away';, which clearly establishes where a person’ true loyalty stands. Loyalty is more consistent to oneself rather than to others. Past events in history supports Machiavelli’s opinion with Julius Ceasar and Brutus as an example. Brutus’s loyalty to his most trusted friend, Caesar, went astray when a problem arose among his Roman peers, and the betrayal was committed against Caesar which resulted in death. A lesson worth learning from this example is that a person’s loyalty can never be trusted unless it is proves to stand strong through any situations. As Machiavelli wrote, “a prince must be cautious in believing and in acting…';. His instructions for the prince stand true for almost everyone nowadays. Unlike disloyalty, dishonesty, according to Machiavelli, is an important factor in the relationship of all human beings. Machiavelli wrote, “princes who have accomplished great deeds are those who have cared little for keeping their promises and who have known how to manipulate the minds of men by shrewdness; and in the end they have surpassed those who laid their foundations upon honesty.

Students, faculty struggle with plagiarism in Internet era

In the postmodern society we have today, Internet-access Is a natural part of the everyday life. Not only have the Internet almost taken over people's lives, but apparently also their schoolwork and education. Due to the easy access to everything on the Internet, faculty at schools have trouble find-inning a dividing line, between what is cheating and what is not. An example of this was seen in a chemistry-class at the University of Wisconsin, where 42 students were accused of plagiarism. While all the students protested, none of the students seemed to know the seriousness of the situ-tool.This leads to the question: when Is something plagiarism? And what can one do to fix the cheating? Journalist, Todd Effeminately wrote the text â€Å"U students, faculty struggle with plagiarism in In-tern era† in 2010, and it was published in â€Å"the Capital Times†- newspaper. The sender of the art-clue, want to Inform the reader of the present Issue: plagiarism. The sender simply wants to notify the reader that plagiarism Is Illegal and wrong. This leads to the unknowing students, who tempt to take the short cut and use other people's work.The scary thing is that most students don't see the series- scenes of this problem – they simply don't consider it cheating. As Donald McCabe, professor at Rutgers University and co-founder of the International Center for Academic Integrity, explains it: â€Å"You're almost to the 50-50 mark right now, where almost half the students we survey don't see this as ‘moderate' or ‘serious' cheating. And the number that's growing Is the half who don't con-slider It cheating. † This quotation-use by the writer, appeals to the readers pathos: how come so many students don't see this wrongdoing?What have society done wrong to make this happen? Not only does Effeminately appeal to pathos, but he also appeals to ethos, which strengthens his reliability. HIS ethos Increases, with both the use of statistics and experts to comment on the Issue, for an example: â€Å"Donald McCabe, has been researching academic misconduct for 20 years, and he says Logos is also a penetrating form of appeal. It is used throughout the entire text, when Effeminately tries to convince the reader that plagiarism is an increasing crime.Because, of course plagiarism is wrong, and he proves it by referring to the majorities opinion: â€Å"most me to agree with the notion that plagiarism – taking the work of others and presenting It as your own – Is wrong†. Another appeal to logos Is his use of connectives in the text. Connectives make him look sure of his case, for an example when he uses â€Å"of course† in the end his contention: â€Å"Students who cheat are nothing new on college campuses, of course†. All of the examples above are all signs of hidden argumentation.Hidden problem, and agree with him at the same time. With the use of hidden argumentation, the reader is influence d in the wanted direction, most likely without ensign any form of manipulation. The signs of hidden argumentation is seen in the text, when the writer refers to experts, the majority of people's opinions and if the writer is general-sizing, which is all seen in this text. The way of the composition makes the text very floating – there is a good balance between claim and evidence in the argumentation.At the same time there is a perfect comprehensive use of experts to support the argumentation. Because of the formal and high-flown language used in the article, it is to conclude that the target roof for the text must be most suitable for the academic educated people. At the same time it is not unthinkable that the text also is meant for college-students around the world. Because of the theme and the conclusion in the text, you must assume that the text's purr-pose is to enlighten the students about the serious matter of the problem: plagiarism.One of the scary things to think ab out is the fact that young students cheat because they have doubt in themselves. Either, they don't realism how smart they are, or maybe they are Just scared of hard work and failure? In reality, the main reason why students cheat is because they: â€Å"didn't think they could accomplish what they wanted to any other way'. But is the goal really accomplished, when it is accomplished with fraud? Plagiarism is so common that some people even write papers in ex-change for money.As it is told in the article: â€Å"Professor Donald Downs (†¦ ) met a man who â€Å"told me he felt like he had taken my courses. † A puzzled Downs asked the man what he meant. â€Å"He told me, ‘Vive written about 20 papers for your In conclusion, what can one do to fix the cheating? According to the article the main season to fix cheating is by talking about it, even though the topic is sensitive: ;legalism is a very difficult conversation to have because nobody quite wants to talk about it,† (†¦ You can't work on this issue unless you talk about it. † The important thing is to enlighten students about this issue, because if the students really speak the truth: then how can it be considered cheating, if they truly don't know what plagiarism is? Enlighten is also the main purpose of this article: enlighten the world about plagiarism. Set a stop to plagiarism and accomplish your goals by yourself.

This essay analyzes Voltaires ideas on reform through his novel Candide. He is for reform and this essay shows examples of why.

This essay analyzes Voltaires ideas on reform through his novel Candide. He is for reform and this essay shows examples of why. Voltaire uses satire to point out the follies in society during his time in order to help the community reshape their behavior and attitudes. He brings to view sin, selfishness, and religious intolerance that are created by the upper class citizens and religious leaders. Voltaire has an ideal society and government in mind, but he knows that it is impossible to achieve. In order to avoid misery, one should live life happily through hard work and honesty. Voltaire's idea of reform in his novel can be characterized as positive. He suggests the need for reform by revealing the evils in society, such as hypocrisy, especially in the name of religion and the arrogance of wealthy people.Throughout the novel, Voltaire attacks hypocrisy, most prevalent in religion, and displays the cruel actions of the priests, monks, and other religious leaders. When Cunegonde and Candide are reunited for the first time, Cunegonde tells him the most unfortunate story.This engraving is from Voltaire's Candide : it depi...First she was raped by a Bulgarian and was then held as a prisoner of war (Voltaire, 40). Later the Bulgar captain sold her, as though she was a commodity, to a Jewish man by the name of Don Issachar, who had to share her with the Grand Inquisitor (Voltaire, 41-42). Soon after, the readers find out that the old woman was also sold again and again. Voltaire is showing the immorality of every class and religion. This was seen twice in the novel to highlight the lack of human values. The old woman was also raped by the Moroccan pirates when she and her mother went on a holiday (Voltaire, 51). They were then taken to Morocco, where the Emperor's sons fought to win the old woman and some other ladies (Voltaire, 52). Voltaire tells us that during the bloodshed and rape, the...

How has unemployment in Bangladesh resulted from an insufficient effective demand for goods and services in an economy The WritePass Journal

How has unemployment in Bangladesh resulted from an insufficient effective demand for goods and services in an economy Introduction How has unemployment in Bangladesh resulted from an insufficient effective demand for goods and services in an economy IntroductionBackground of the Research Statement of the Problem Purpose of the ResearchBroad objectives: Specific objectives:Significance of the Study:The Design-Methods and ProceduresType of Research: Sources of Data: Sample Selection: Determine Sample Size: Summary of overall Sample Design: Population: BibliographyReferencesRelated Introduction Unemployment is a great concern in Bangladesh. Every year hundreds of thousands student are coming out from college and university. Though it is one of the major responsibilities of the Government to provide job to those young generation but the Government is failed to meet the job demand among the large population. Only a tiny fraction of total jobless is managed by different government offices and private organization but a majority remain unemployed. The economic recession causes loss of jobs due to a loss of demand for goods. People basically cut back to basics and eliminate the spending in ways that they can’t afford. They are cautious about over committing so as not to lose what they have. The recession promotes a tendency to save for many and not one of spending excessively. The economic model of the past was to produce all that you can and keep consuming as much as you can and it will all stay afloat (until it doesn’t- like now). So the great majority doesn’t spend and then sales drop and industry reduces its production proportionately. No Sales therefore No production, therefore no need for to give jobs. People are afraid and cautious so they don’t spend unnecessarily. It’s a negative growth cycle and a hard to break once it sets in. One of major causes of unemployment is greedy and selfishness among some of our politicians, Lack of true democracy due to informal ethnic diversities, Bangladesh is bestowed with potential skilled leaders but social discrimination undermine the process of exercising this leadership. Further unhealthy leadership competition create gaps to unemployment where one leave the job employed in and failure to win put the same person to the hole of unemployment category. However lack of education contributes to unemployment status, also the issues of Gender inequality is another block that hinder one to access jobs based on cultural attitudes. Least but not last lack of Transparency among job adverts from N.G.O as well as Public services commission. People just don’t want to work they expect everything to come to them. Youths are unemployed which has given birth to many crimes which has lead to many innocent youthful loosing their lives, if we can stand up and fight corruption there wi ll be no more cases of unemployment. Background of the Research This research is a partial requirement to our academic process. There are lots of issues surrounding us but we have chosen this topic as it is much significant to economic development of our country. The economy of any country largely depends on its proper utilization of human resource but in many of the cases this vital resource is not being used properly. The whole research will go through a Questionnaire session (survey) and then analyzing and interpreting those data based on some specific methods mentioned in the methodology part. The most possible relevant areas and issues will be considered while doing the research. The ultimate purpose of this research is to find some remedies in reducing the unemployment rate of our country. Statement of the Problem The whole research paper will be conducted based on some basic assumptions and concepts that will help us to complete the survey. Depending on the sample population we have made a series of Questions that will be discussed with the interviewee. The assumptions and study areas are as follows: Unemployment results from insufficient effective demand for goods and services in an economy. Regulations like minimum wage laws imposed on the labor market lead to unemployment. Structural problems and inefficiencies in the labor market cause unemployment Lack of education contributes to unemployment status, also the issues of Gender inequality is another block that hinder one to access jobs based on cultural attitudes. Unemployment is under-reported because the government doesnt include those who have dropped out of the workforce because they are so discouraged. Unhealthy leadership competition create gaps to unemployment where one leave the job employed in and failure to win put the same person to the hole of unemployment category. Least but not last lack of Transparency among job adverts from N.G.O as well as Public services commission. Purpose of the Research Broad objectives: Broad objective of this research is to find out the major causes of unemployment and prospective solutions. Specific objectives: The specific objectives to help in explaining the broad objectives are as follows: Highlighting the present situation of unemployment in Bangladesh. Identifying the major causes of unemployment. To analyze the effects of unemployment to our society and economy. To compare the unemployment rate of Bangladesh with other Asian countries. To suggest remedial measures for reducing unemployment rate in Bangladesh. Significance of the Study: This research paper will help the readers providing knowledge and experience about the following issues: Present Scenario of Unemployment in Bangladesh and the rate of unemployment comparing to the other Asian countries and the World as a whole   Most studies have two potential audiences: practitioners and professional peers. Statements relating the research to both groups are in order. This paper will help in further detail and large research of the prescribed topic. This paper will also be very much helpful in finding out the lacking behind the unemployment problem (Educational structure, Economic conditions, and the impact of our political actions).   It will also cover the impact of Unemployment to our society and Economy. The Design-Methods and Procedures Type of Research: This is an exploratory type of research. This research will help us to identify the causes, impacts and affects of unemployment on the society and economy of the country as a hole. Sources of Data: In order to attain the objective of the study in this research repot all-necessary information will be collected and prepared using primary and secondary sources of data. We will have to apply survey method by using questionnaire to gather primary data on unemployment. Sample Selection: The research proposal will cover the following procedures- Our survey will be conducted based on Non-probability sampling techniques. We have used Convenience sampling for the purpose of this research to select our required sample respondents. Interviewers will have randomly moved toward respondents available at different locations of Dhaka city. Determine Sample Size: Using statistical tools to determine sample size would have demanded the need for calculations on various other factors, but for the time constrains convenience sampling technique none of that will required. So, the total sample size is 100. Summary of overall Sample Design: The overview of the sample design that we have considered for our specific research on the selected topic, â€Å"Unemployment Situation in Bangladesh and its Impact to our society†, is summarized below- Population: Identifying survey population is one of the critical parts of the research. If population is not defined properly then we may not get actual result from the research. Population is quite different for different research problems. The people who share common characteristics are called population. Fresh Graduate Masters completed Doing Jobs But not satisfied with their present position Managing own small Business Sample: We will take interview of 100 selected respondents. Sampling Procedure: Non-probability sampling techniques.   We have especially focused on Convenience sampling. Selection of Research Model: Research Design This collection of primary data is to be conducted through survey method with written questionnaire. The survey will be performed based on personal interview and select people sample for one-to-one face-to-face conversation. Survey questions will be sought to gather both qualitative and quantitative data about the sample. The nature of questions will be used in the questionnaire is mainly simple-dichotomy questions with few determinant-choice questions, frequency-determination questions, attitude rating scale and open-ended questions. Objective of using the questionnaire The   whole   research   is   based   mostly   on   primary   information,   based   on   which   the questionnaire has been designed to collect relevant information. The survey method has been selected as the research tool for following reasons. Accuracy of Report: Survey is the best way to research. Questionnaire is one kind of tool of survey research. Time efficiency: We have time constraints, and getting questionnaires filled up by   the   respondents   is   also   time-consuming,   so   making   short   format questionnaire. Convenience: Questionnaire design is a simpler and easier way to collect responses and conduct the survey. So we think it is convenient for us to use this tool. Cost efficiency: We found that this method is relatively cheaper as we only need to print a copy and then make copies of it and then distribute them to the respondents. Less possibility of getting wrong information: Here if the respondent does not understand any meaning of the questionnaire, then we can easily make them understand. So there is less possibility of making mistake. Measurement Scales: When we have prepared a questions, at first we have tried to avoid leading and loading questions, double barreled question and ambiguity. We have made our questions relevant that is supportive for us to solve our research problem. To measure the attitude or response of the respondents on questions of research topic, we have used several measurement scales in our questionnaire, like- Simple Attitude scale. Category scale. Monadic Rating scale etc Developing the Data Analysis: The collected data will be analyzed in the following steps- Editing: Editing is the process of checking the data for necessary corrections. We may find different types of errors in responses-some of the questions may not be filled up properly, some of them may be left incomplete. We want to avoid missing values as much as possible. We will also try to corrected some of our mistakes in the end which can be made while analyze. Coding: Each question will be coded to a computer readable form. We have to transform the qualitative data into quantitative. Then the data will be entered from the questionnaires. This is time consuming and need much skill. (Code: Yes/ Agree- 1, No/ Disagree- 2) Data entry: After entering all the responses from each question, the data entering part is needed o be done. Then we will proceed forward for the final job, which is analysis. Data Analysis:   By using MS Excel, we will put the formula, and then the software automatically gives us the result.   A number of tables, charts can be used by this process. Then we will proceed for the data conversion and interpretation part. Data conversion: All the analyzed result sheets will be converted into managerially understandable form. We will convert  Ã‚   them to word documents, make tables, graphs and write the analysis with words. Limitations and Delimitations This research is not out of limitations. But as we are students it is a great opportunity for us to know the research methods and procedures in making a proposal. Some constraints are appended bellow: Time Constraint: As the time constraint and not enough time in hand our research will cover to the Dhaka city and our sample size is not so large as we are only dealing with 100 people. But we think that this will represents the whole structure of the country. Personal Interest of People: All People may not be equally interested in sharing their opinions and beliefs but we will try our level best in making the research paper successful. Comparison Status:A research paper is the best paper only when it includes all the relevant issues and compare with other studies and research. As we not skilled and lack of knowledge we will try to compare the unemployment rate with other countries of the world specially with the Asian countries. Lack of Experience:Though we have prepared many reports before, we had no experience of making a research proposal. So inexperience is one of the main constraints of the study. Research Areas: Due to our time constraints and lack of experience we will cover only a short region of Dhaka city. Money Investment: To make a satisfactory research paper sufficient investment is required in a wide range of area for sufficient data but as we are students and without any sponsors, we like to conduct a survey on 100 people randomly based on some specified questions(Mentioned in the Annexure) Probable Cost As it is a part of our regular MBA program and the smaller size of the research the cost would not be much. The followings are the major areas where expenses is needed_ I.Expenses During the Survey-printing cost of Questions paper, Transportation cost while moving one questionnaire to another. II. The expenses in purchasing necessary documents or journals and III.The cost of printing the final copy of the Research Paper. Timeline The submission date will be fixed by our honorable course teacher and we will try to complete the research within that specific time. Bibliography Bangladesh should undertake unemployment surveys on a regular basis with the objective of measuring current levels of employment and unemployment and the corresponding changes. The aim of these surveys should be to provide more detailed information on the structure of the labor market. Such surveys are of longer-term interest, owing to their value in providing essential information for planning and policy formulation at the national level. Owing to the official status and national scope, unemployment surveys are subject to fairly stringent requirements of timing, data accuracy and internal consistency, especially consistency of the time series generated by regular surveys. Keeping these concerns in mind, regular surveys should be conducted to monitor the performance of the economy; to obtain indicators of changes in current rates of employment, unemployment and underemployment; and to measure trends, as well as cyclic and seasonal variations in the rates. From this stand point the fi ndings of unemployment can be used as the benchmark indicators. References American Psychological Association (APA). (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (Fourth edition). Washington, DC: Author. Armstrong, R. L. (1974). Hypotheses: Why? When? How? Phi Delta Kappan, 54, 213-214. Guba, E. G. (1961, April). Elements of a proposal. Paper presented at the UCEA meeting, Chapel Hill, NC. Fraenkel, J. R. Wallen, N. E. (1990). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill. Krathwohl, D. R. (1988). How to prepare a research proposal: Guidelines for funding and dissertations in the social and behavioral sciences. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. Text book- Business Research Methodology, Internet-

Employee Relations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 4

Employee Relations - Term Paper Example As a general rule, under the Fair Work Act of 2009, unfair dismissal happens when an employee has been dismissed from his or her job but the dismissal was â€Å"harsh, unjust or unreasonable,† â€Å"not consistent with the Small Business Fair Dismissal Code† and â€Å"was not a case of genuine redundancy† (S.385). All these instances shall be determined by Fair Work Australia (FWA). The determination, however, shall depend on the facts and circumstances surrounding each case. The FWA is given the authority to evaluate to its satisfaction the respective allegations of the employer and employee with regard to the root cause of the dismissal. In such case, if the FWA is satisfied that the case is one of unfair dismissal, it will give due accord to the employee’s claim and if not, it will dismiss the claim in favor of the employer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FWA will dismiss an application due to either of the following grounds: (1) â€Å"application is not made in accordance with the Act† (2) it â€Å"is frivolous or vexatious† (3) it â€Å"has no reasonable prospects of success† (S.587 (1)). In Ms. Toni Potter vs. Darwin City Council, [2010] FWA 6129, FWA dismissed Potter’s application for unfair dismissal remedy. The FWA commissioner deemed the application as inappropriate since the substantive issues of the case had already been settled (â€Å"Potter vs. Darwin City Council,† 2010, para. 62). To provide a clear case of dismissal, the law enumerates the instances when an individual is considered to have been dismissed or not from his or her employment. In such delineation, the employer’s fault is emphasized as well as the importance of complying with the terms and conditions contained in a contract of employment. As stated, if â€Å"the person’s employment has been terminated on the employer’s initiative or the person has resigned from his or her employment, but was forced to do so because of conduct, or a course of conduct engaged in by his or her employer,† that individual is said to have been dismissed (S.386 (1)).

Mona Golabek in The Pianist of Willesden Lane Essay

Mona Golabek in The Pianist of Willesden Lane - Essay Example Berkeley Rep offers an advisory about any stage effect of potential concern to patrons’ health. This show has none. We don’t offer advisories about subject matter, as sensitivities vary from person to person. If you have any concerns about content, please contact the box office. Mona Golabek doesn't just tell a great story. Seated at a concert grand, she accompanies her tale with music that infuses, illustrates, amplifies and elevates "The Pianist of Willesden Lane" to make the personal universal and another generation so personal that you can't help but feel your heart swell in response. Great music can do that. Skillfully blended with an affecting tale, it can do even more. If there was a dry eye in the house at Wednesday's Berkeley Repertory Theatre opening, my own were too filled with tears to see it.Each piece of music tells a story, Golabek's mother told her. She learned her mother's story along with keyboard technique in her piano lessons. Director Hershey Felder , who adapted Golabek's book for stage - and whose Eighty-Eight Entertainment is a co-producer - builds on that connection to shape the play and intensify particular scenes. Then he adds well-selected visuals to the sensory package.  package. From the beginning, Jura's dream is to make her concert debut with Grieg's Piano Concerto in A Minor. Felder, best-known for his popular solo shows about composers (he performed "George Gershwin Alone" at the Rep last summer), uses the concerto to frame "Pianist" from beginning to  end (Cohen and Mona, 45-49). The first movement - brilliantly, probingly performed by Golabek - sets up the fraught conditions in 1938 Vienna. The second intensifies the dramatic perils of the Blitz. The third brings the piece to its passionate  resolution. In between, Golabek's beautifully rendered pieces by Beethoven, Debussy and Chopin enhance the families and Vienna's Jews worsening fortunes - as told by Golabek as the young Jura - and her escape through th e Kindertransport program. Felder heightens the impact with archival photos and newsreel footage, projected in the large, antique gilt picture frames hanging about the midnight blue  stage. Golabek doesn't convey the comfort of an actor, but she grows more assured and riveting as she traces Jura's life in London, assuming the voices of the

Nursing Process Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nursing Process - Assignment Example The process rotates around five processes. The processes are cyclic, each step having an immense contribution to ultimate patient care and outcome. In the evaluation phase, the nurse gathers detailed subjective and objective information concerning the client. The five senses are put into consideration in the process of examination, and full physical examination done using the techniques of percussion, palpation, observation and auscultation.After data collection, the nurse comes up with a nursing diagnosis. The nurse does interpret the findings and make ideal, and relevant clinical judgments are pertaining to the client actual, potential or risk problems. The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association is fundamental in the provision of scientific directives. Next, the nurse performs a vital plan of care to achieve the desired goal (Kaufman, 2012). A nursing care plan comes hardy when it comes to the intervention purposes. The phase ensures the continuous care of the patient, follow -up, and holistic approach to patient care. During the planning phase, the nurse needs to consider the elements of initial care, ongoing and discharge plans. The fourth stage is the implementation phase. It does involve actual delivery to the patient. For this case, prioritization of the interventions has to be put in consideration, acting as a link between medical and nursing care. The evaluation stage acts as an appraisal step. Determination of whether the planned goals were met does occur.

America Should Lower the Drinking Age Essay Example for Free

America Should Lower the Drinking Age Essay The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 prohibits States from allowing people under the age of 21 from purchasing or publicly possessing alcoholic beverages (Alcohol Policy Information System). Supporters of having 21 as the minimum drinking age point out that between 1982 and 2001, there was a 60% decrease in fatal alcohol-related crashes for drivers ages 16-17 and a 55% decrease among drivers aged 18-20 (Elder and Shults 169). However, while the number of traffic fatalities may have declined, the higher drinking age has also been associated with other problems, including an increase in binge drinking resulting in the death of a growing number of college students (Roan F-1). Instead of focusing almost exclusively on minimum age drinking laws for the reduction of alcohol-related traffic fatalities, law makers should look at the larger picture regarding alcohol use among young adults. If eighteen-year-olds are mature enough to choose whether or not to enlist in the military, then they are mature enough to be expected to be responsible with alcohol. The national minimum drinking age should be lowered to 18. The goal of minimum age drinking laws is to reduce the number of alcohol-related fatalities. As Elder and Shults pointed out, there has been a significant reduction in alcohol-related traffic fatalities since minimum drinking ages were raised to 21. Correlation, however, is not necessarily the same as causation. Other factors may have also contributed to the reduction in fatalities. The effects of improved drivers education, an increased public awareness of the effects of alcohol on driving, and stiffer penalties for all driving under the influence must also be considered. Elder and Shults also noted that among drivers age 21-24, there was a 41% decrease in alcohol-related traffic fatalities during this same period and that drivers over the age of 25 had a 39% decrease. Because these older drivers were not affected by the minimum age law, these reductions in traffic fatalities can only be attributed to education and law enforcement. Rather than promoting the responsible use of alcohol, minimum age laws actually have the opposite effect. Before drinking laws were put into place, the drinking behaviors of adolescents and young adults were controlled by family traditions, community expectations, peer groups, and self-restraint (Ford). While this system did not eliminate the problems of alcoholism and other alcohol-related complications, it did present alcohol as a normal part of the young adults environment. Minimum age drinking laws have attempted to remove alcohol from this environment. As a result, students are more likely to abuse alcohol when it is available. There has been a dramatic increase in binge drinking among college students (Courtney and Polich, 142). Concern for this problem led more than 100 college and university presidents to call for a new debate on lowering the drinking age (Roan). Finally, unenforceable minimum age laws undermine the credibility of law enforcement. The inability of young adults to purchase obtain alcohol legally means that students and other young adults who drink must resort to illegal activities in order to obtain alcohol. Yet despite these legal barriers, many students obtain alcohol with no legal consequences. As a result of this policy, students learn that laws can be circumvented and that law enforcement can be rather selective in choosing which laws will be enforced and which violations will be overlooked. Over time, students may apply this same belief to drug laws, driving laws, and other laws that they believe are not likely to be enforced. Enforcement of the law also places a burden on law enforcement agencies and prevents police from pursuing other illegal activities that are potentially more harmful to the community. Conclusion The National Minimum Age Drinking Act was signed into law in 1984. In many ways, the law reflects Americas political lurch to the right that occurred during the 1980s under President Ronald Reagan, the Moral Majority, and other socially conservative elements that were in power at the time. These groups knew that there were limits to their ability to legislate morality. Prohibition during the 1920s proved that outlawing alcohol would not work. They were, however, successful in passing the minimum age drinking law, a form of prohibition that was limited to people under 21. Minimum age drinking laws are an example of what happens when lawmakers try to legislate morality. By virtually any measure, the current minimum age laws are no more effective than Prohibition was during the 1920s. These laws, like the 18th Amendment, should be repealed. A better solution for Americas alcohol problem would be to educate young people about the responsible use of alcohol, including the potential risks that are associated with this drug and the penalties that people face when they abuse alcohol. This type of knowledge does not magically appear when someone turns 21, but is the result of a culture that gradually prepares the individual to accept the responsibilities of adulthood. Lowering the drinking age to 18, for example, would allow colleges to serve alcohol at official events where student drinking could be monitored and problems could be addressed before they result in a medical emergency. Eighteen-year-olds are old enough to vote, to marry, to enlist in the military, and to sign a legally binding contract. If they are old enough for those adult responsibilities, then they are old enough to decide whether or not they want to drink. Works Cited Alcohol Policy Information System. The 1984 National Minimum Drinking Age Act. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Online. Undated. 15 March 2009. http://alcoholpolicy. niaaa. nih. gov/index. asp? SEC=%7B9937ACFC-DB3A-4159-B068-A302CEEE0EDF%7DType=B_BASIC Courtney, Kelly, John Polich. Binge Drinking in Young Adults: Data, Definitions, and Determinants. Psychological Bulletin 135. 1 (2009): 142-156. Elder, RW and RA Shults. Involvement by Young Drivers in Fatal Alcohol-Related Motor-Vehicle Crashes – United States, 1982-2001. JAMA 23. 2(2003):169-170. 8 January 2003. 15 March 2009 http://jama. ama-assn. org/cgi/reprint/289/2/169 Ford, Gene. Why We Should Lower the Drinking Age to 19. Alcohol: Problems and Solutions. Sociology Department, State University of New York, Potsdam, NY. 2007. 15 March 2009. http://www2. potsdam. edu/hansondj/YouthIssues/1046348192. html Roan, Shari. A Lower Legal Drinking Age? Health Experts, College Presidents Debate. LA Times. 1 September 2008. 15 March 2009 http://articles. latimes. com/2008/sep/01/health/he-drinking1? s=gn=nm=Broadrd=www. google. comtnid=1sessid=d49a16c9fafce18046e3bd9ba60cef8d9fdf7a4fpgtp=articleeagi=page_type=articleexci=2008_09_01_health_he-drinking1pg=1