Contemporary Issues in Accounting Journal of Intellectual Capital

Question: Examine about theContemporary Issues in Accountingfor Journal of Intellectual Capital. Answer: Presentation I It has been discovered that referenced articles have presented some basic observations with respect to incorporated detailing Dumay et al., (2016, p. 2). One of the articles is Integrated Reporting: A Structured Literature Review that essentially centers around the advancement of the bits of knowledge of the incorporated reports that offers research study to the date (Abeysekera, 2013, p. 13). It additionally features and structures the chances of things to come research. According to Dumay et al., (2016, p. 1) the bookkeepers have tested in regards to the conventional budgetary business announcing model and expressed that this specific model doesn't fulfill the need of data that is required by the partners of an organization for evaluating the presentation of an association. Despite what might be expected, according to the key report of British American Tobacco, the vital chart made out of crucial, core values and key featured territories alongside utilization of shading coding gu ides the financial specialists to assemble point by point data (Bat.com, 2014, , p. 14). D The primary issue if there should be an occurrence of first article is that it has been referenced that the conventional money related business revealing model isn't adequate enough for giving data to the partners of an organization Dumay et al., (2016, p. 2). Be that as it may, the creator has not referenced the best possible or suitable model that can fulfill the partners by giving satisfactory data (Eccles Krzus, 2010, p. 23). Then again, in the yearly report, it has been referenced that the utilization of shading coding in the model will assist the partners with gathering point by point data (Bat.com, 2014, p. 14). The key similitude between these two articles is that both the writers have featured on giving nitty gritty data to the partners of an organization (Abeysekera, 2013). E (Bat.com, 2014, p. 14) and (Dumay et al., 2016, p. 2) are the two sources that presents the articles that clarifies the coordinated announcing and the need of supportability bookkeeping. Its advantage is that it helps in keeping up corporate administration and in improving straightforwardness. Be that as it may, demit is that security may not simultaneousness with the IIRC structure. References Abeysekera, I. (2013). A layout for coordinated reporting.Journal of Intellectual Capital,14(2), 227-245. Bat.com. (2014).Bat.com. Recovered 1 November 2014, from https://www.bat.com/gathering/destinations/uk__9d9kcy.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO9DCL3B/$FILE/medMDA87PVT.pdf?openelement Dumay, J., Bernardi, C., Guthrie, J., Demartini, P. (2016, September). Incorporated revealing: An organized writing audit. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 166-185). Elsevier. Eccles, R. G., Krzus, M. P. (2010).One report: Integrated revealing for a feasible system. John Wiley Sons.

How to Write an Opinion Essay That Will Impress Your Reader

How to Write an Opinion Essay That Will Impress Your ReaderIf you want to write an opinion essay that will impress your reader, you need to know what words to use and how to format your essay. By reading this article, you are ready to start writing an opinion essay.It doesn't matter if you write the essay yourself or if you hire a professional to do it for you. The point is that by writing your essay you will get a lot more out of it will impress your reader. While formatting your essay is a simple exercise, there are some points you need to pay attention to.Before you begin the process of writing an opinion essay, you need to make sure that your essay is organized and the points you are making stand out clearly. If you want to impress your reader, you need to make sure that the essay flows well. You can achieve this by making sure that the rules of grammar are followed and that the essay makes sense.In order to succeed in writing an essay for an audience that isn't the end user, you need to know what your audience is. Who are they? What type of person are they? What do they like and dislike?By answering these questions, you will be better able to make an informed choice when choosing a topic and determining who your audience is. After all, you need to know what the reader wants before you begin the essay.Keep in mind that some types of readers are more demanding than others. For example, someone who reads for pleasure may need information but not necessarily in a hurry. If you are writing an essay for a school paper, you need to write more concisely. This is because students often read an essay very quickly.You also need to know your audience before you begin. You should also know how you will frame your essay so that the content can be understood. For example, if you write a lot about social issues, then you should tell a story from the beginning of the essay, before talking about any political or social matters.Lastly, you should know that you can get better at writing an opinion essay by reading as much as you can on the topic. This will help you develop better skills for composing persuasive essays.

What Are The Main Contrasts To Be Found In Portugal? :: essays research papers fc

What Are The Main Contrasts To Be Found in Portugal? Â Â Â Â Â When responding to an inquiry, for example, this, one should fundamentally start by calling attention to that in addition to the fact that Portugal has a large number complexities inside its land, yet in addition that it stands out enormously from the other Mediterranean nations. Portugal isn't to be considered using any and all means as Spain's poor neighbor, nor should a shadow be thrown over it by such a considerable country. Portugal has a extraordinary arrangement to offer any guest, it isn't only a vacationer's heaven, yet this is unfortunately how it is seen by an enormous number of people. One should likewise not overlook Portugal's history of being, in ancient times, one of the more noteworthy oceanic countries, one of the further developed investigating nations of Europe. While Spain was busy with finding the Indias and thusly the Americas, Portugal was itself caught up with investigating Africa and making its own significant disclosures, in spite of the fact that these are generally neglected. Â Â Â Â Â Being arranged on the westernmost edge of Europe and the Iberian Promontory, Portugal appreciates a relative protection and freedom from the remainder of Mediterranean nations. Verging on Spain on different sides and the ocean on the others, the country as normally turned towards the ocean, from which it draws both its quality and riches and walked out on its most prominent adversary, Spain. Due to its consistent influxes of intrusion all through the ages, Portugal is a tremendously differing land, in geological terms as well as regarding legacy. It is valid to state that Portugal shares various similitudes with Spain, yet it is in no way, shape or form indistinguishable. Or maybe it is a country which mixes Moorish impacts, English custom and Mediterranean culture to frame a really one of a kind place that is known for people groups. Â Â Â Â Â When considering the decent variety of a nation, for example, Portugal, the notice of which quickly invokes a melange of pictures from North African to Western European, from blistering and moderate climate to snow topped mountains, one should truly start by depicting the two standard factors, those of atmosphere and topography, which themselves are interlaced. These thusly have an incredible impact on and to a limited degree achieve different contrasts which can be noted inside the thin limits of this country, for example, those of vegetation, economy what's more, scene. Â Â Â Â Â On looking at Portugal as far as differentiating districts or zones, one must clearly have a beginning stage and that is commonly viewed as a correlation among north and south, the River Tagus (Tejo) being the partitioning line. Be that as it may, Portugal can normally be partitioned into three incredible regular

The Theme of Desire in The Alchemy of Desire Essay

Tarun Tejpal’s The Alchemy of Desire(2005) is a narrative about Desire .The novel opens with the quote: â€Å"Love is not the greatest glue between two people, Sex is† and ends with â€Å"Sex is not the greatest glue between two people, Love is†¦.† (The Alchemy of Desire, 3,518) Amid the quotes, Tarun Tejpal explores what he calls, â€Å"The Alchemy of Desire†. The word ‘Alchemy’ has a scientific origin which means creation, combination or transformation from something very original and base to very valuable.(Concise Oxford English Dictionary). The main aim is to explore the value of Desire. The desire which can foster jealousy, distraught, truth and hallucination reality. The story of the novel revolves around a young couple from a small town in India†¦show more content†¦The lowest level in Maslow’s Hierarchy is the Physiological needs. This includes hunger, thirst and sex. The next sets of needs to emerge are the Safety needs which include security, stability, dependency, protection from fear. Such needs are generally satisfied for most adults living in a hospitable society. The third sets of needs are the Belongingness and Love needs. These represent the need for friends, family and â€Å"affectionate relations with people in general.† The fourth level of the hierarchy includes Esteem needs –fame, status, dominance, attention and dignity. After experiencing all these stages the human mind attains the fifth stage i.e. Self-actualization or Self-realization .We begin from the First stage and move towards the Higher order needs for the betterment of our lives .Maslow stated that when all four of the basic, deficiency needs have been satisfied, â€Å" a new discontent and restlessness will soon develop , unless the individual is doing what he, individually is fitted for †¦what a man can be he must be†¦.† (Theories of Personalities , 450) Similarly Tarun Tejpal has also divided his novel into five parts –Prema : Love, Karma: Action, Artha : Money, Kama : Desire, Satya : Truth . These five parts of the novel acted as the five stages of needs for the narrator .Tarun Tejpal has taken kaleidoscopic view of desire – the desire in men for women , the desire in men for menShow MoreRelatedThe, Illusions, Visions And The Irrational All Stem From The Basis Of Surrealism1281 Words   |  6 Pagescollage. Dali’s painting The Persistence of Memory (1931), creates unfamiliar contexts with the use of illusions and realism. Ernst’s Surrealistic novel Une Semaine de Bonte (1934), is a purely graphic collage novel stemming from the influences of alchemy and metamorphosis. Surrealist aesthetics were a vital part of the movement and the artists themselves strongly lived by them. The founder of Surrealism was Andrà © Breton; a French writer and poet. He was the author of the two Surrealist manifestosRead More What is Love? Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pagesexplain it. The theme of love is popular in Donne’s early poetry. His understanding of love from the perspective of a protestant preacher reveals much about the anti-Christian sentiments and of the scientific revolution of the 17th century. A close analysis of Donne’s poem, â€Å"Love’s Alchemy† and of the film â€Å"When Harry Met Sally† reveals the strength behind Donne’s idea that sex is the end goal in relationships and that true love is physical. In the first two lines of â€Å"Love’s Alchemy† Donne setsRead MoreThe Steam King, By Edward Mead915 Words   |  4 Pages making the stanzas feel much more calculated, a reader feels the desire to give a closer look, revealing subtleties in the poem that appear to work in direct opposition to the apparent theme of uniting to defeat worker abuse. Entertaining the idea founded in the invocation of Moloch, the speaker also claims Moloch s priesthood direct[s] his [Moloch s] giant hand, / In turning blood to gold (15-16). Using the idea of alchemy here—that is, in a mystical or magical, seemingly rather harmless,Read MoreThe s Bargain That Made Us Rethink Pseudoscience2233 Words   |  9 Pagesthat most everyday people aren’t familiar with the term â€Å"alchemy†. This is expected since this 16th century practice has become a remnant of the past. Those aware of alchemy are either spiritually inclined or indulged in the various themes in literature. Even for individuals who do have a general knowledge of alchemy, their generalizations often reflect those of the Catholic Church. This obscured view that religion associates with alchemy discourages a deeper interpretation of the subject and isolatesRead MoreThe Alchemist by Paulo Coelho1168 Words   |  5 Pagestranslation of the book was written by Alan R. Clarke and was first published by Harper Collins Publishers in 1993. The genres of the book are fiction, fantasy, psychology, drama. The writer following his desire to find the Philosopher’s Stone or the Elixir of Life has spent a long time studying Alchemy. He had spent the little money he had to buy imported books. The books were no use to him because they contained impenetrable language, full of symbols, dragons, lions, suns, moons and other such figuresRead MoreThe Alchemist Archetype1213 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as The Mentor, The Abyss, and the Return to the World. Thus, Coelho employs The Hero’s Journey Archetype to demonstrate the theme of balance and that one must oftentimes keep an open mind to all perspectives of life as well as focus on the experiences of one’s quest that deepens one’s character in order to achieve noble accomplishments. Coelho indicates the theme of balance through the life of Santiago. After Santiago dreams of a treasure near the Egyptian pyramids, the boy meets MelchizedekRead MoreThe Adaptation of The Tempest by William Shakespeare to the Film Prosperos Books531 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeare’s play The Tempest. Greenway’s most compelling accomplishment in the film is his elegant rendering of the play’s theme of the artist as a creator. Prospero’s Books, as well as the original The Tempest, is an exercise in artificiality, genesis, and performance. Rather than presenting a realistic interpretation of The Tempest, Prospero’s Books relies on imaginative artistic alchemy. The film revolves on the image of Prospero in his library; he is seated, framed by books, and surrounded by spiritsRead MorePicasso - Artist Feelings and Experiences1573 Words   |  7 Pages Blue Period (1901-1903) - Original Style; restricted his colour scheme to blue; themes of human alienation. Rose Period (1904-1905) - Also referred to as the ‘Circus Period’; colour scheme lightened - featuring warmer, reddish hues and the thick outlines of the blue period disappeared. Classical Period (1905) and Iberian Period (1906) – Colour scheme lightens – beiges and light brown are used; themes of alienation and melancholy are shown to a reasonable extent. African PeriodRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1316 Words   |  6 PagesMarry Shelley s â€Å"Frankenstein† Mary Shelley s â€Å"Frankenstein† or â€Å"The Modern Prometheus† is an examination of monstrosity in all of its forms. Written during a time in which scientific, political and economical upheaval, the novel depicts mans desire to uncover every secret in the universe, while confirming the importance of the emotions that make us human, instead of monsters. But, what is considered to be a monster? When one thinks of a monster the first thing that comes to mind is a hideousRead MoreAnalysis Of Frankenstein Dark Elements 1117 Words   |  5 Pagesmanifestations, and intense emotions; these three elements can also be found in Frankenstein. One common element of gothic literature includes extreme landscapes. Gothic literature uses this key element to explore and emphasize the isolation these characters desire or face. Through the emphasis on isolation, books take on an mysterious tone or mood. This tone or mood is essential for creating the diverse, and sometimes scattered, plot of gothic literature. In Frankenstein, one example of an extreme landscape

The Differences Between DNA and RNA

Although their names may sound familiar, DNA and RNA are often confused for one another when there are in fact several key differences between these two carriers of genetic information.  Deoxyribonucleic acid  (DNA) and  ribonucleic acid  (RNA) both are made of nucleotides and serve a role in the production of protein and other parts of cells, but there are some key elements of both that differ on the nucleotide and base levels. Evolutionarily, scientists believe that RNA may have been the building block of early primitive organisms due to its simpler structure and its pivotal function of transcribing DNA sequences so that other parts of the cell may understand them—meaning RNA would have to exist in order for DNA to function, so it stands to reason RNA came first in the evolution of multi-celled organisms. Among these core differences between DNA and RNA is that RNAs backbone is made of a different sugar than DNAs, RNAs use of uracil instead of thymine in its nitrogenous base, and the number of strands on  each type of genetic information carriers molecules. Which Came First in Evolution? While there are arguments for DNA occurring naturally in the world first, it is generally agreed upon that RNA came before DNA for a variety of reasons, starting with its simpler structure and more easily interpretable codons which would allow for faster genetic evolution through reproduction and repetition. Many primitive prokaryotes use RNA as their genetic material and did not evolve DNA, and RNA can still be used as a catalyst for chemical reactions like enzymes. There are also clues, within viruses that use only RNA, that RNA may be more ancient than DNA, and scientists even refer to a time before DNA as the â€Å"RNA world. Then why did DNA evolve at all? This question is still being investigated, but one possible explanation is that DNA is more highly protected and harder to break down than RNA—it is both twisted and â€Å"zipped† up in a double-stranded molecule which adds protection from injury and digestion by enzymes. Primary Differences DNA and RNA are made up of subunits called nucleotides wherein all nucleotides have a sugar backbone, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base, and both DNA and RNA have sugar â€Å"backbones† that are made up of five carbon molecules; however, they are different sugars that make them up. DNA is made up of deoxyribose and RNA is made up of ribose, which may sound similar and have similar structures, but the deoxyribose sugar molecule is missing one oxygen that a ribose molecule sugar has, and this makes a big enough change to make the backbones of these nucleic acids different. The nitrogenous bases of RNA and DNA are also different, though in both these bases can be categorized into two main groups: the pyrimidines which have a single ring structure and purines which have a double ring structure. In both DNA and RNA, when complementary strands are made, a purine must match up with a pyrimidine to keep the width of the â€Å"ladder† at three rings. The purines in both RNA and DNA are called adenine and guanine, and they also both have a pyrimidine called cytosine; however, their second pyrimidine is different: DNA uses thymine while RNA includes uracil instead. When complementary strands are made of the genetic material, cytosine always matches up with guanine and adenine will match up with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA). This is called the â€Å"base pairing rules† and was discovered by Erwin Chargaff in the early 1950s. Another difference between DNA and RNA is the number of strands of the molecules. DNA is a double helix meaning it has two twisted strands that are complementary to each other match up by the base pairing rules while RNA, on the other hand, is only single-stranded and created in most eukaryotes by making a complementary strand to a single DNA strand. Comparison Chart for DNA and RNA Comparison DNA RNA Name DeoxyriboNucleic Acid RiboNucleic Acid Function Long-term storage of genetic information; transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new organisms. Used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins. RNA is used to transmit genetic information in some organisms and may have been the molecule used to store genetic blueprints in primitive organisms. Structural Features B-form double helix. DNA is a double-stranded molecule consisting of a long chain of nucleotides. A-form helix. RNA usually is a single-strand helix consisting of shorter chains of nucleotides. Composition of Bases and Sugars deoxyribose sugarphosphate backboneadenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine bases ribose sugarphosphate backboneadenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil bases Propagation DNA is self-replicating. RNA is synthesized from DNA on an as-needed basis. Base Pairing AT (adenine-thymine)GC (guanine-cytosine) AU (adenine-uracil)GC (guanine-cytosine) Reactivity The C-H bonds in DNA make it fairly stable, plus the body destroys enzymes that would attack DNA. The small grooves in the helix also serve as protection, providing minimal space for enzymes to attach. The O-H bond in the ribose of RNA makes the molecule more reactive, compared with DNA. RNA is not stable under alkaline conditions, plus the large grooves in the molecule make it susceptible to enzyme attack. RNA is constantly produced, used, degraded, and recycled. Ultraviolet Damage DNA is susceptible to UV damage. Compared with DNA, RNA is relatively resistant to UV damage. The Differences Between DNA and RNA DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, while RNA is ribonucleic acid. Although DNA and RNA both carry genetic information, there are quite a few differences between them. This is a comparison of the differences between DNA versus RNA, including a quick summary and a detailed table of the differences. Summary of Differences Between DNA and RNA DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more -OH group than deoxyribose, which has -H attached to the second (2) carbon in the ring.DNA is a double-stranded molecule while RNA is a single-stranded molecule.DNA is stable under alkaline conditions while RNA is not stable.DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans. DNA is responsible for storing and transferring genetic information while RNA directly codes for amino acids and as acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make proteins.DNA and RNA base pairing is slightly different since DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. Uracil differs from thymine in that it lacks a methyl group on its ring. Comparison of DNA and RNA While both DNA and RNA are used to store genetic information, there are clear differences between them. This table summarizes the key points: Comparison DNA RNA Name DeoxyriboNucleic Acid RiboNucleic Acid Function Long-term storage of genetic information; transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new organisms. Used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins. RNA is used to transmit genetic information in some organisms and may have been the molecule used to store genetic blueprints in primitive organisms. Structural Features B-form double helix. DNA is a double-stranded molecule consisting of a long chain of nucleotides. A-form helix. RNA usually is a single-strand helix consisting of shorter chains of nucleotides. Composition of Bases and Sugars deoxyribose sugarphosphate backboneadenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine bases ribose sugarphosphate backboneadenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil bases Propagation DNA is self-replicating. RNA is synthesized from DNA on an as-needed basis. Base Pairing AT (adenine-thymine)GC (guanine-cytosine) AU (adenine-uracil)GC (guanine-cytosine) Reactivity The C-H bonds in DNA make it fairly stable, plus the body destroys enzymes that would attack DNA. The small grooves in the helix also serve as protection, providing minimal space for enzymes to attach. The O-H bond in the ribose of RNA makes the molecule more reactive, compared with DNA. RNA is not stable under alkaline conditions, plus the large grooves in the molecule make it susceptible to enzyme attack. RNA is constantly produced, used, degraded, and recycled. Ultraviolet Damage DNA is susceptible to UV damage. Compared with DNA, RNA is relatively resistant to UV damage. Which Came First? While there is some evidence DNA may have occurred first, most scientists believe RNA evolved before DNA. RNA has a simpler structure and is needed in order for DNA to function. Also, RNA is found in prokaryotes, which are believed to precede eukaryotes. RNA on its own can act as a catalyst for certain chemical reactions. The real question is why DNA evolved if RNA existed. The most likely answer for this is that having a double-stranded molecule helps protect the genetic code from damage. If one strand is broken, the other strand can serve as a template for repair. Proteins surrounding DNA also confer additional protection against enzymatic attack. Unusual DNA and RNA While the most common form of DNA is a double helix. there is evidence for rare cases of branched DNA, quadruplex DNA,  and molecules made from triple strands. Scientists have found DNA in which arsenic substitutes for phosphorus. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sometimes occurs. It is similar to DNA, except thymine is replaced by uracil. This type of RNA is found in some viruses. When these viruses infect eukaryotic cells, the dsRNA can interfere with normal RNA function and stimulate an interferon response. Circular single strand RNA (circRNA) has been found in both animals and plants. At present, the function of this type of RNA is unknown. Sources Burge S, Parkinson GN, Hazel P, Todd AK, Neidle S (2006). Quadruplex DNA: sequence, topology and structure. Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (19): 5402–15. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl655Whitehead KA, Dahlman JE, Langer RS, Anderson DG (2011). Silencing or stimulation? siRNA delivery and the immune system. Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. 2: 77–96. doi:10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114133

Attachment Styles And Their Influence On Adult Relationships

From the 1960s to the 1980s psychologists have worked and developed a four-part attachment style for adults. These styles are related to how individuals see themselves, how they see others, and how they relate to the people who are special to them. The attachment styles are secure, anxious-preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant, and fearful-avoidant. Bowlby, an early psychologist studying attachment styles theorized that the attachment relationship that a child has with his/her primary caregiver will determine the attachment style the child develops (Bowlby, 1969). When caregivers provide a safe and trusting environment and are responsive to the needs of the child, the child develops a secure attachment style. When the child does not receive the positive reinforcement of a healthy relationship with their primary caregiver the attachment style developed is dismissive, anxious, or fearful. The attachment style is carried into their adult relationships and influence the success or failure of their adult relationships. The attachment style appears to be more flexible than first thought with trauma and negative life events having influence on the stability of the attachment style. This paper will review research and articles about attachment style in relation to positive and negative child-caregiver relations and the stability of the attachment style over time. Positive Caregiver Connection Infants that have a positive connection with their primary caregiver tend to develop secureShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Parenting Styles and Attachment Styles on Relationship Designs986 Words   |  4 Pagespsychologists will agree that the attachment styles and parenting styles a child receives is the design for the rest of their relationships. The relationship an infant or child has with the primary caregiver is the most important because their adult behaviors are directly influenced from these experiences. This is the basic theory of attachment styles that states that the earliest bonds a child forms correlates to the kinds of relationships people form as adults. Families are the first social interactionsRead MoreParenting Styles and Attachment931 Words   |  4 Pagesand discuss the connection between parenting styles and attachment. Sigelman and Rider (2006) state that â€Å"Many noted theorists have argued that no social relationship is more important than the first: the bond between parent and infant†. Both Freud and Erikson placed great emphasis on the parent-child relationship and its importance to â€Å"normal† development. Freud believed that the human child is born with natural instincts and drives. The relationship that the caregivers had with the child hasRead MoreHow Attachment Affects Your Adult Relationships898 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION We will be exploring the different styles of attachment, how parenting affects attachment style and in turn how it affects our love lives as adults. Built by close relationships, attachment can vary from one relationship to another, depending on how available that person is especially during infancy and childhood. As adults, we react to situations based on our attachment style, which is ingrained but not unchangeable. This not only affects our relationships with prospective partners but everyoneRead MoreAttachment Styles And Its Effect On Adult Romantic Relationships1739 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment Styles and its Effect on Adult Romantic Relationships Attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects a caregiver to their child. The relationship between the caregiver and the child plays a vital role in the child’s behavior, mind, and emotions at any time in their life, from child to adulthood. A child’s attachment style is developed through childhood experiences. Depending on the style of attachment influences how a person reacts to their needs and how they go aboutRead MoreDiscuss the Influence of Childhood on Adult Relationships. (24 Marks)810 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the influence of childhood on adult relationships. (24 Marks) Many attachment psychologists argue that early relationships with our primary caregivers provide the foundation for later adult relationships. Bowlby called this the continuity hypothesis. This is the claim that early relationship experiences continue in later adult relationships. According to the attachment theory, young children develop an internal working model from their first relationship with their primary carer. ThisRead MoreAttachment Theory Implied That The Quality Of Infancy Attachment Patterns1590 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment theory implied that the quality of infancy attachment patterns is consistent and continue to influence later development in relationship experiences. The first major article of Roisman et al. (2005) supported this statement, by investigating the correlation between participants’ infancy attachment and their behaviour in current romantic relationships. Data was drawn from a longitudinal cohort, where participants’ initial relationships were assessed in the infancy of 12 months by StrangeRead MoreEffects Of Child Sexual Abuse1166 Words   |  5 Pageschild sexual abuse has a long-lasting impact on attachment style from early childhood continuing into adulthood. Fresno et al. (2014) were interested in the attach ment representations in preschool aged children in Chile because few studies focus on CSA survivors that young and the results of those few studies have not been conclusive. Past studies have found inconsistent results; some studies have determined a CSA is directly linked to insecure attachment representations in survivors, and other studiesRead MoreThe Impact Of Child Sexual Abuse On Attachment1180 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of Child Sexual Abuse on Attachment The current research shows that child sexual abuse has a long-lasting impact on attachment style from early childhood continuing into adulthood. Fresno et al. (2014) were interested in the attachment representations in preschool aged children in Chile because few studies focus on CSA survivors that young and the results of those few studies have not been conclusive. Past studies have found inconsistent results; some studies have determined a CSA is directlyRead MoreTheories Regarding Parenting Styles, Attachments, Bonds And The Relationships That Ensue1649 Words   |  7 PagesTheories abound in regards to parenting styles, attachments, bonds and the relationships that ensue. However, regardless of the theory, one subscribes to it has been noted that a child requires, warmth, security, and confidence to meet the demands of the world. Psychologists posit that how a child and their caregiver form an attachment has long-term ramifications on all the child’s relationships. The a ttachment formed with the primary caregiver provides the child with the expectations they will carryRead MoreAttachment Styles And Levels Of Depression1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe relationships between attachment styles and levels of depression were investigated. A total of 28 individuals were recruited from a psychology class at Diablo Valley College located in Pleasant Hill, California. The Attachment Questionnaire for Children (AQC) was used to measure attachment style in childhood. The Beck Depression Inventory (BAI-II) was used to measure levels of depression in young adults. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between (a) attachment styles in

European Union Agency for Network and Information Security Security I

Question: Discuss about theEuropean Union Agency for Network and Information Securityfor Security Infrastructure. Answer: ENISA An Overview of Case Study ENISA is a centre for the maintenance and implementation of security policies in the European Union and the associated organizations and agencies. It is referred to as European Union Agency for Network and Information Security and came up with the ENISA Technology Landscape (ETL) in 2014. The case study covers the current threats that exist and also lists the top threats for the year 2014 along with a comparison from the ones that were present in 2013. There were a number of measures that were taken to control the threats and ETL was designed with an aim to put a check on all the security loopholes. However, in spite of so many efforts and attempts, there were a number of occurrences. The case study covers the description of the top threats such as data breaches, insider threats, phishing, ransomware and many others. The case study also covers the threat agents that are involved in the execution of these threats and these agents are the cyber based agents such as cyber criminals, cyb er terrorists and many others. Technology is something that is changing at a rapid rate and the emerging technology trends and landscape has also been covered in the case study. The areas to focus upon in order to improve the security have been concluded in the end (Enisa, 2016). ENISA - Security Infrastructure Diagram The diagram depicts the various security areas that must be present in the security infrastructure so that the overall security of the system and its associated components can be enhanced. There are a huge number of entities that are present under ENISA and the same are required to be safeguarded against all the security loopholes. These levels and the sub-parts to be covered in the security aspect of ENISA has been shown in the security infrastructure diagram below. ENISA Security Infrastructure Diagram ENISA Steps to Deal with Insider Threats Administrative Controls The employees should be communicated about the policies and the list of dos and donts as far as the security mechanisms are concerned so that there may be no instances of mistakes or inadequate due diligence. Also, there must be trainings and administrative checks that must take place in a frequent manner to keep the internal employees aware about the security parameters to be followed (Musthaler, 2016). Physical Controls Physical security is something that is mostly overlooked and is not paid due attentions. However, physical controls must be applied such as display of identity cards, checking of the employee bags and likewise at all the entry and exit points (Cert, 2016). Technical Controls There are a number of technical controls and checks that must be applied and installed to make sure that the insider threats are prevented. Technical and automated identity and access management with the use of multi layer authentication and similar measures should be applied. There should also be maintenance of the technical logs and records so that the activities can be scanned and monitored at a non-stop basis. Risk assessment, network monitoring, network scans and many other technical measures should also be adopted. ENISA Data Breaches as Most Significant Threat There are a number of threats that have been listed in the case study as the top threats that were encountered in the year 2014. Data breaches that took place make up the threat that is most significant since its impact, likelihood and the risk ranking as well (Ko Dorantes, 2016). As per the data that has been recorded and analyzed in the case study, data breaches made up for the major portion of the threats that took place in 2014. Also, there were scenarios wherein the impact was extremely severe in nature. This threat has been judged and evaluated to be the most significant threat since it has the potential to hamper the confidentiality, availability and the privacy of the data. The information types that are associated with ENISA can be private or confidential such as there is a lot of healthcare information that the centre deals with. Any violation of the privacy of this category of data can be fatal for the organization and can result in some serious legal punishments. It is b ecause of this reason that the threat has been evaluated to be the most significant out of all (Amato, 2016). ENISA- Threat Agents and their Impact Cyber Criminals: These are the entities that make use of cyber platforms to introduce the web based attacked or inject the malicious code to the machine of the user. The intent behind these agents is to cause severe damage and also to gain unauthorized access. Online social hackers: Social hacking is the issue that is very commonly seen in the current era and these agents are the primary entities behind the execution of the same. Hacktivists: These are the threat agents that make use of a political motive to give shape to a particular threat or attack. Employees: The employees that are associated with a particular firm also add up to the major number of the threat agents and are involved in giving shape to the insider threats. These employees can be current or the ex-employees of a firm (Casey, Koeberl, Vishik, 2010). Script Kiddies: There is a great interest of technology among the young individuals and in their attempt to play with the technology; they may often result in being the part of a threat as a threat agent. These threat agents have a huge impact on the security architecture as these are the prime entities involved in the execution of a threat. It is therefore necessary to control their impact and the same can be done by improving the security infrastructure. Employees as threat agents can be controlled by implementing the administrative, physical and technical controls as described earlier. The other threat agents can be controlled by making sure that the security loopholes do not exist and there is advanced security mechanism applied across all the entry and exit points. ENISA Issues with Social Hacking Social hacking is a type of security assault that is executed by the social programmers as the operators of the dangers and incorporates the endeavor to change the social conduct of a client through various diverse means and methods. The present period is the time of social media and the nearness on this stage is right around an order for each and every person. The social programmers pick up favorable position through this wonder by performing dumpster making a plunge which the disposed of client profiles and information is gotten to recover imperative data and examples, for example, client name, contact data, email address and in like manner. Pretending is additionally a typical type of the social hacking issue that incorporates the pantomime of a specific client or association on a social stage to pick up data. Social hacking has come up a simple approach to break the web and system security as the nearness of the clients on the stage is enormous and it gets to be less demanding fo r the programmers to recover noteworthy data through various instruments. The effect of these social hacking issues can be moderate to amazingly extreme as these can possibly increase touchy and classified data through the medium. Such unapproved instrument of picking up the data can then be abused by the social programmers (Wood, 2016). ENISA- Common trends in the Threat Probability The table displays the comparison between the threats that occurred in the year 2013 and the threats that took place in the year 2014. The inclination and decline of the threats has also been displayed through the medium of the table. The threats that are seen to be more probable in 2014 and in the upcoming years are as listed below: Malicious Codes Web Based Attacks Injection Attacks Denial of Service Phishing Data Breaches Loss and Theft Information Leakage Identity Theft Cyber Espionage (Nichols, 2016) There are also attacks that have been seen and analyzed as less probable in the current era such as those associated with the botnets, spam, explore kits and scareware. There is a newer form of attacks which has been categorized as the insider attack and the probability that is associated with these threats is very high. It is because of the reason that there are lesser control and prevention measures that have been developed in order to put a check on them. The threat probability can therefore be defined as highly probable for the attacks that are on a rise as listed in the points above along with the insider threats. It would be lesser for the threats that are on a decline. ENISA Required Improvements in the ETL Processes The ENISA Technology Landscape was designed and implemented to make sure that the occurrences of the security threats and incidents could be minimized. However, in spite of so many efforts and measures there were still many threats that were seen with low o very severe impact. It is therefore necessary to bring about certain sets of improvements in the ETL processes which are as listed below (Microsoft, 2016). The design and implementation of the security policies must be done throughout the entities that are involved in ENISA rather than doing the same in a step by step manner. The policies that exist around the employee management and the processes involved with the same need to be improved. As soon as an employee quits an organization, the access and credentials allocated to the same must be dissolved. In case of missing the step, there may be access of information to the employee even after quitting the organization which may be dangerous. Cryptography and encryption techniques are still not very strong in the security infrastructure that is associated with ETL. There must be Advanced Data Encryption Standard (AES) that should be utilized to keep the information secure even if the attacker succeeds in the attempt to get hold of the same. Biometrics identity checks should be installed at all the entry and exit points to improve the identity management and keep the entire system automated to prevent any sort of manual intervention in the same. ENISA List of the Challenging Threats There are many of the top threats that have been listed for ENISA in the case study. The most challenging threats out of all are as listed below (Panetta, 2016). Insider Threats: These are the threats that are executed by the staff internal to the organization and thus are often difficult to predict or prevent in advance. The staff members are always aware of the security policies that are associated with the organization and form measures to curb the same. It therefore becomes challenging to put a check on these attacks. Data Braches: The amount of data that is present with the organizations in the current era is huge. It is because of this reason that the policies that are developed to control and prevent the threats associated with data breaches should be as per the type of information. The task can be troublesome to apply varied degree of policy for different type of data. Web Based Attack: The entire world is now using web for one purpose or the other and it is due to this very reason that the number of attacks is also huge from this medium. It is difficult to control these threats due to the amount and the severity of the same. Social Hacking Threat Agents and Issues: Social networking and the information that can be retrieved from these platforms is also an easy way out for the attackers and challenging for the security teams to put a check on the same. ENISA Current State of IT Security ENISA must not be satisfied at all with its present scenario of IT security. The reasons behind this are many such as the technology and the structure of technology is something that is not at all constant. It is changing with every passing second and therefore it would be necessary for ENISA to keep up with the same. There are also a number of security threats and attacks that are introduced in the agencies and organizations that are monitored by ENISA in spite of a number of countermeasures that have been developed. It is necessary to keep up the effort and come up with stronger parameters and mechanisms so that the attackers do not success in security breaches of any kinds and the number of threats also get reduced by a good margin. The effort that is required towards the support, maintenance and updates regarding the security measures must never be put to rest and it is essential to involve an element of innovation and technical advancement with the same to not allow the attacker s to succeed in their attempts (Aws, 2016). References Amato, N. (2016). The hidden costs of a data breach. Journal of Accountancy. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/news/2016/jul/hidden-costs-of-data-breach-201614870.html Aws,. (2016). Overview of Security Processes. 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(2016). Microsoft Core Infrastructure Optimization: IT Security Processes - Best Practices for Business IT. Microsoft.com. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.microsoft.com/india/infrastructure/capabilities/itprocesses.mspx Musthaler, L. (2016). 13 best practices for preventing and detecting insider threats. Network World. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.networkworld.com/article/2280365/lan-wan/13-best-practices-for-preventing-and-detecting-insider-threats.html Nichols, A. (2016). A Perspective on Threats in the Risk Analysis Process. Sans.org. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/auditing/perspective-threats-risk-analysis-process-63 Panetta, K. (2016). Gartner's Top 10 Security Predictions 2016 - Smarter With Gartner. Smarter With Gartner. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/top-10-security-predictions-2016/ Wood, P. (2016). 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